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. 2021 Jul 13;97(2):e203–e214. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012188

Figure 3. Long-Term Effect of Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) Closure and Medical Therapy on Circulatory Venous Total Homocysteine (tHcy) Levels.

Figure 3

(A) Diagram of blood sampling during long-term follow-up. (B) Baseline and follow-up tHcy levels in patients with no residual shunting (n = 88), small residual shunting (n = 18), and moderate/large residual shunting (n = 9) post PFO closure. (C) Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves for tHcy changes in detecting the presence of residual shunting (no vs small + large) and large residual shunting (no + small vs large). (D) Baseline and follow-up tHcy levels in patients treated with PFO closure (n = 115) and medical therapy alone (n = 61). Values are expressed as mean ± 95% confidence interval (CI). Intergroup comparisons at each time point (baseline and follow-up) were performed using Student t test (C) or 1-way analysis of variance followed by pairwise comparisons (B). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. AUC = area under the curve.