Abstract
During 3 years 28 cases of acute pancreatitis were diagnosed in dogs. In 26 of these dogs, the disease was fatal. The most frequent symptoms were vomiting, anorexia and lethargy. Two thirds showed tenderness upon abdominal palpation. Ascites was found in 3 cases. Of the blood, parameters, serum amylase level was elevated in 86 % and lipase in 89 % of the cases. Sixteen dogs were uremic and half of the dogs were hyperglycemic. Two thirds of the dogs had leukocytosis. Using stepwise multiple regression the best blood parameters explaining acute pancreatitis were leukocytes together with lipase and glucose.
In an attempt to find a more specific serum test for dogs to diagnose acute pancreatitis serum phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity was measured. In sixteen out of the 28 dogs with acute pancreatitis, serum PLA2 activity was increased. The ascites fluids were rich in PLA2. Serum PLA2 is more often increased in the severe necrotizing pancreatitis (80 %) than in the milder forms of acute pancreatitis (44 %). All dogs with increased serum PLA2 had also increased serum amylase and lipase activities. The dogs with an increased serum PLA2 and dogs with ascites had fat necrosis in the vicinity of the pancreas. Experimental pancreatitis was induced in 4 dogs by injecting Na-taurocholate and trypsin into the pancreas. In these cases, very high PLA2 activities in the serum and ascites fluids were detected, but none seemed to be present in the urine samples.
Key words: dog, acute pancreatitis, phospholipase A2
Sammanfattning
Under en tre års period diagnostiserades 28 hundar med akut inflammation i bukspottskörteln. Tjugosex av hundarna dog av sjuk-domen. De m est typiska symtomen var kränkningar, aptitlöshet och apati. Två tredjedelar visade ömhet vid bukpalpation. Tre hundar hade vätska i bukhålan. Av de 28 hundarna hade 86 % onormalt hög amy-lashalt och 89 % hög lipashalt i serum. Sexton hundar var uremiska och hälften av hundarna var hyperglykemiska. Två tredjedelar av hundarna hade leukocytos. Vid användning av stepwise multiple regression visade det sig att leukosythalten tillsammans med lipas- och glucoshalten var de bästa blodvärden som förklarade den akuta inflam-mationen i bukspottskörteln.
För att finna ett mera spesifikt serum test för hundar att diagno-stisera inflammation i bukspottskörteln, mättes fosfolipas A2 (PLA2) halten i serum. Hos sexton av de 28 hunidarna med akut bukspotts-körtels inflammation var PLA2-halten i serum onormalt hög. Vätskan i bukhålan innehöll rikligt med PLA2.
Resultaten utvisar en tendens tili oftare förekommande onormalt höga serum PLA2-halter vid de allvarliga nekrotiserande inflamma-tionerna i bukspottskörteln (80 %) jämfört med de lindrigare former-na av akuta inflammationer i bukspottskörteln (44 %). Alla de hundar som hade onormalt hog PLA2 aktivitet i serum hade också onormalt hög lipas- och amylashalt i serum.
Hundar med onormalt hög PLA2-halt i serum och hundar med vätska i bukhålan hade fettvävsnekroser i närheten av bukspottskörteln. På fyra hundar framkallades en experimentell inflammation i bukspottskörteln genom att injisera Na-taurocholat och trypsin i bukspottskörteln. Hos dessa djur måttes mycket höga PLA2-halter bade i serum och i vätskan i bukhàlan, men urinproverna visade ingen PLA2-aktivitet.
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