Fig. 8.

Linalool downregulates BMP-2 by phosphorylating ERK and inhibits β1 integrin/FAK signaling by activating TRPM8. a Western blot of eNOS, BMP-2 and β-actin expression in HDMECs, which were pretreated for 2 h with or without 1 µM PD0325901 and then exposed for 30 min to 0 or 2 mM linalool. b, c Expression levels of eNOS/β-actin (b) and BMP-2/β-actin (c) (in % of 0 mM linalool) as assessed by western blot (n = 4 independent experiments). d Ca²⁺ signal (F/F₀) in HDMECs, which were pretreated with or without 2.5 µM BAPTA-AM (a selective Ca²⁺ chelator) for 2 h, loaded with Fluo-4 AM and then stimulated with 0 or 2 mM linalool. The onset of stimulation is indicated by a black arrow. e Peak amplitude (F/F₀) of Ca²⁺ signal in HDMECs, which were pretreated with or without BAPTA-AM, loaded with Fluo-4 AM and then stimulated with vehicle or linalool. f Sprouting (in % of 0 mM linalool) of HDMEC spheroids, which were treated for 24 h with 0 or 2 mM linalool in the presence or absence of 2.5 µM BAPTA-AM, as assessed by the spheroid sprouting assay (n = 10). g Active β1 integrin (in % of 0 mM linalool) in HDMECs, which were pretreated for 2 h with or without 5 µM AMTB and then exposed for 30 min to 0 or 2 mM linalool, as assessed by flow cytometry (n = 3). h Western blot of p-FAK, FAK and β-actin expression in HDMECs, which were pretreated for 2 h with or without 5 µM AMTB and then exposed for 30 min to 0 or 2 mM linalool. i Expression levels of pFAK/FAK (in % of 0 mM linalool) as assessed by western blot (n = 4 independent experiments). Means ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. 0 mM linalool. ^#P < 0.05 vs. 2 mM linalool