Abstract
Ornithine decarboxylase (E.G. 4.1.1.17) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (E.G. 4.1.1.50) and their products putrescine, spermidine and spermine were estimated in the rumen liquid from 3 groups of growing kids and 23 adult goats. Polyamines were also estimated in the feedstuff used. Marked differences in polyamine synthesis in rumen liquid were observed between the different groups of kids. Two groups of kids growing up together with adult goats had at an age of 2–4 months a peak of a few days duration in enzyme activity as well as in polyamine concentration. In these groups ornithine decarboxylase activity reached maximal values of 158±79 s (n = 4) and 100 (66–117) (n = 3) nmol[14CO2]/ml rumen liquid/h at an age of 120 and 77 days, respectively. The corresponding activity in rumen liquid from kids who were isolated from other animals was only about 1/10 of this value. By comparison ornithine decarboxylase activity in adult goats was 30.7±20 (n = 43) nmol[14CO]/ml/h.
In rumen liquid from kids grown up together with adults, concentrations of the polyamines reached maximum at about the same time as ornithine decarboxylase activity. The mean maximal concentration of putrescine in the 2 groups was about 350 and 500 nmol/ml, while the corresponding value for spermidine was about 200 nmol/ml in both groups.
Relatively constant and high concentration of polyamines were present in the feedstuff used. However, in growing kids the ruminai putrescine and spermidine concentration at times far exceeded those that could be accounted for by the estimated intake of polyamines by the food. The results therefore strongly indicate that polyamines are formed in considerable amounts in rumen content of kids during the phase of rapid growth. Results from a few experiments with calves also indicate that this may be true for cattle.
polyamines; putrescine; spermidine; spermine; ornithine-decarboxylase; rumen liquid.
Keywords: polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, ornithine-decarboxylase, rumen liquid
Sammendrag
Ornithin dekarboksylase (E.C. 4.1.1.17) og S-adenosylmetionin dekarboksylase (E.C. 4.1.1.50) og deres produkter putrescin, spermidin og spermin ble malt i voinsaft fra 3 grupper av geitekje og 23 voksne geiter. Videre ble polyaminkonsentrasjonen i foret besternt.
Store forskjeller i polyamindannelsen i vomsaft fra de forskjellige gruppene av kje ble funnet. Kjeene i 2 grupper som vokste opp sammen med voksne dyr hadde da de var 2 til 4 måneder garnie, en forbigående topp i aktiviteten av de polyamindannende enzymer så vel som i polyaminkonsentrasjonen. I disse 2 gruppene fant en maksimale ornitindekarboksylase aktiviteter på 158 ± 79 s (n = 4) og 100 (66–117) (n = 3) nmol[14C02]/ml vomsaft/time da dyrene var henholdsvis 120 og 77 dager garnie. Tilsvarende aktivitet i vomsaft fra kje som hadde vsert isolert fra andre dyr under oppveksten var bare omkring 1/10 av denne verdien. Ornitindekarboksylase aktiviteten i vomsaft fra voksne geiter var til sammenlikning 30 ± 20 s (n = 43) nmol[14CO2]/ml/time.
I vomsaft fra kje som vokste opp sammen med voksne geiter nådde polyaminkonsentrasjonen maksimale verdier omtrent samtidig med at ornitindekarboksylase aktiviteten var maksimal. Den gjennomsnittlige maksimale konsentrasjonen av putrescin i vomsaft fra de 2 gruppene var omkring 350 og 500 nmol/ml. De tilsvarende verdier for spermidin var like for begge gruppene, omkring 200 nmol/ml.
I fôret fantes relativ høy og konstant konsentrasjon av polyaminer. Has kjeene oversteg til visse tider konsentrasjonen av putrescin og spermidin i vomsaft tydelig de mengder som var beregnet å kunne vaere tilført med fôret. Resultatene viser at polyaminene i betydelige mengder dannes i vomsaft hos kje under hurtig vekst.
Resultatene fra noen forsøk med kalver tyder på at det tilsvarende er tilfelle også for storfe.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.8 MB).
Footnotes
Financially supported by the Agricultural Research Council of Norway.
References
- Bachrach, V.: Function of Naturally Occurring Polyamines. Academic Press, New York 1973.
- Blaschko H, Hawes R. Observations on spermine oxidase of mammalian plasma. J. Physiol. 1959;145:124–131. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1959.sp006132. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blaschko H, Bonney R. Spermine oxidase and benzylamine oxidase. Distribution, development and substrate specificity. Proc. Roy. Soc. B. 1962;156:268–279. [Google Scholar]
- Bryant M P. Bacterial species of the rumen. Bact. Rev. 1959;23:125–153. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.23.3.125-153.1959. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cheng, K. J. & J. W. Costerton: Adherent rumen bacteria – their rate in the digestion of plant material, urea, and epithelial cells. In: Ruckebusch, Y. and P. Thivend (eds.) : Digestive Physiology and Metabolism in Ruminants. MTB Press Limited, Lancaster, England 1980, p. 227–250.
- Hirsch J G. Spermine oxidase: an amine oxidase with specificity for spermine and spermidine. J. exp. Med. 1953;97:345–355. doi: 10.1084/jem.97.3.345. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hungate, R. E.: The Rumen and Its Microbes. Academic Press, New York 1966.
- Kay, R. N. B. & O. V. Sjaastad: Absorption and catabolism of histamine in sheep. J. Physiol. 1974, 243, 79–99. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed]
- Kobayashi Y, Kupelian J, Maudsley D V. Ornithine decarboxylase stimulation in rat ovary by luteinizing hormone. Science. 1971;172:379–380. doi: 10.1126/science.172.3981.379. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maudsley D V, Leif J, Kobayashi Y. Ornithine decarboxylase in rat small intestine: stimulation with food or insulin. Amer. J. Physiol. 1976;231:1557–1561. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.5.1557. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morris D R, Pardee A B. A biosynthetic ornithine decarboxylase in Escherichia coli. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 1965;20:697–702. doi: 10.1016/0006-291X(65)90072-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Seiler, N. & M. Wiechmann: Die Mikrobestimmung von Spermin und Spermidin als L-Dimethylamino-naphtalene-5-sulfonsäure-Derivate. (Microassay of spermine and spermidine as L-dimethylamino-naphtalene-5-sulfonic acid-derivates). Hoppe-Seylers Z. Physiol. Ghem. 1967, 348, 1285–1290. [PubMed]
- Seiler N, Knödgen B. Determination of di- and polyamines by high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of their 5-dime-thylamino-naphtalene-1-sulfonyl derivates. J. Chromatog. 1978;145:29–39. doi: 10.1016/S0378-4347(00)81665-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith T A. Amine levels in mineral-deficient Hordeum vulgare leaves. Phytochemistry. 1973;12:2093–2100. doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(73)85106-4. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Smith T A, Best G R. Polyamines in barley seedings. Phytochemistry. 1977;16:841–843. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86676-5. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Tabor C W, Tabor H, Rosenthal S M. Purification of amine oxidase from beef plasma. J. biol. Ghem. 1954;208:645–661. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ueyama E, Davis C L, Wolin M J. Lack of influence of spermine or diet on calf spermine oxidase formation. J. Dairy Sci. 1965;48:73–76. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(65)88163-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]