. 2021 Jun 27;10(7):1610. doi: 10.3390/cells10071610

Table 3.

Pharmacological Inhibition of STATs in renal diseases.

Targeted Sites	Drug in Clinical Trials or Approved by FDA	Related Renal Diseases
Cytokine and cytokine receptor inhibitors	IL-6R inhibitors: tocilizumab, sarilumab	Tocilizumab in kidney transplantation [151]
Cytokine and cytokine receptor inhibitors	VEGFR& EGFR inhibitors: Sorafenib	Sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma [144]
Kinase inhibitors	JAK inhibitors: tofacitinib, ruxolitinib, baricitinib, fedratinib, upadacitinib (ClinicalTrials.gov) AZD1480 (NCT00910728)	Tofacitinib in kidney transplantation [152] Tofacitinib in end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis [153] Baricitinib in type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy [154]
Kinase inhibitors	Src inhibitors: dasatinib [145], Nintedanib [146]	Dasatinib in senescence of Chronic Kidney Disease (NCT02848131) Nintedanib in renal cell carcinoma [155]
STAT inhibitors	Inhibitors targeted SH2 domain: STA-21(NCT01047943), OPB-31121 (NCT01406574), TTI-101(NCT03195699), OPB-51602 (NCT02058017)
STAT inhibitors	Antisense oligonucleotide: danvatirsen [148]

FDA, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; JAK, janus kinases; DBD, DNA binding domain. Drug’s data are from Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs or ClinicalTrials.gov.