Table 1.
Categories and subcategories of insecticides that are currently in use in stored-product protection.
| Category of Insecticide Formulation and Methods for Delivery to Target | Subcategory (Type) of the Insecticide Application Formulation |
|---|---|
| Vapors and gases | Vaporization and sublimation (cold, thermal, “residual fumigation“, etc.) |
| Toxic gases (released from solid, liquid, or gas formulations) | |
| Inert gases (hypoxic/anoxic atmospheres) | |
| Liquids | Admixture, dressing, dipping, and impregnation treatments of grain |
| Coatings, paintings, and lacquers (structural surface treatments) | |
| Liquid baits | |
| Liquid droplets in air delivered as space treatment by aerosols, thermal or cold/ULV/fogs or mists | |
| Insecticide deposits on surface delivered as spray (indirect residual treatment) | |
| Direct treatment of arthropods by sprays | |
| Foams, gels, and pastes | Expandable foams as insecticide barriers and cavity fillers |
| Foam baits | |
| Gel, hydrogel, and paste baits | |
| Protective food gel coatings and layers on meat and cheese | |
| Solids | Smokes (solid aerosols) |
| Solid baits | |
| Dust, slurries, powders, ash, and nanoparticles | |
| Insecticides incorporated into protective nets | |
| Insecticide impregnation of packages (incorporation into the matrix/surface coating) |