Table 1.

A summary of clinical trials targeting LPA receptors (LPARs).

No.	ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier	Mechanism	Project Title	Study Design	Outcome
1	NCT01766817	LPAR1 antagonist (BMS-986020)	Safety and efficacy of a lysophosphatidic acid receptor antagonist in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	Phase 2; parallel-arm, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial; 143 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were randomized and treated.	BMS-986020 600 mg bid treatment for 26 weeks significantly slowed the lung function decline compared with placebo [124,125].
2	NCT02068053	LPAR1 antagonist (BMS-986020)	Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) study of BMS-986020	Phase 1; a single group assignment to investigate the pharmacokinetic, biotransformation, routes of elimination, and mass balance of BMS-986020 in humans; 6 healthy participants.	It was completed in April 2014. No results were posted [126].
3	NCT02101125	LPAR1 antagonist (BMS-986020)	Drug interaction study with Rosuvastatin	Phase 1; an open-label, single-sequence study to evaluate the effect of concomitant administration of BMS-986020 on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of Rosuvastatin in healthy subjects; 26 healthy participants.	It was completed in May 2014. No results were posted [127].
4	NCT03429933	LPAR1 antagonist (BMS-986278)	A study of experimental medication BMS-986278 given to healthy participants	Phase 1; a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, single and multiple ascending dose study of oral BMS-986278 administration in healthy participants; 112 healthy participants.	It was completed in March 2019. No results were posted [128].
5	NCT04308681	LPAR1 antagonist (BMS-986278)	A study measuring the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of BMS-986278 in participants with lung fibrosis	Phase 2; a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study; 360 patients with lung fibrosis.	It started in July 2020 and is currently still recruiting [129].
6	NCT04069143	LPAR1 tracer (BMT-136088)	Safety, tolerability, kinetics, and repeatability of the novel LPA1 PET ligand 18F-BMS-986327	Phase 1; an open-label study; 20 participants (healthy or with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis).	It started in October 2019 and is currently still recruiting [130].
7	NCT01651143	LPAR1 antagonist (SAR100842)	Proof of biological activity of SAR100842 in systemic sclerosis	Phase 2; a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study; 32 patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis.	SAR100842 was well tolerated in patients. The modified Rodnan skin thickness score improved during the study, although the difference was not significant [131].