Silibinin regulated EGFR-mediated JAK2/STAT5 and PI3K/AKT signaling and PD-L1 expression. (A) Molecular docking using AutoDock Vina software showed silibinin binding (PubChem ID: 31553) to the ATP-binding domain of EGFR (PDB ID: 2GS2). (B) Western blotting analysis of A549, H292, and H460 cells pretreated with EGF (25 ng/mL) for 1 h and then treated with 100 µM silibinin for 48 h indicated the upregulation patterns of EGFR for EGF-treated samples and downregulation patterns of silibinin for silibinin/EGF-treated cells. Representative expression of proteins was determined by densitometry and normalized to GAPDH. Controls were set to 100. Experiments were repeated thrice to confirm the data. (C) Western blotting analysis of proteins showing the expression levels of EGFR, JAK2/STAT5, and PI3K/AKT signaling and PD-L1 expression in A549, H292, and H460 cells after exposure to 50 and 100 µM silibinin for 48 h. Representative expression of proteins was determined by densitometry and normalized to GAPDH. Controls were set to 100. Experiments were repeated thrice to confirm the data.