Table 2.
Studies on maternal iron status and child hemoglobin concentrations after birth.
| Study | Year | Country | Country Income | Design (S) |
Risk of Bias | n | Population | Back-ground SF, µg/L | Statistics | Mother | Child | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron Biomarkers | Categories Based on | Stage | Outcome | Age | ||||||||||
| No association | ||||||||||||||
| Rios [27] * | 1975 | USA | H | Cohort (S) | M | 26 | General | NR | T-test | SF, Fe, TSAT, TIBC | SF < 9 µg/L | PP | Hemoglobin | 6 d |
| Murray [28] * | 1978 | Niger | L | Cohort | M | 49 | Famine conditions | NA | NR | Fe, TSAT | TSAT < 10% vs. TSAT > 60% | PP | Hemoglobin | 6 m |
| Puolakka [34] * | 1980 | Finland | H | Cohort (S) | H | 47 | General | NR | MWU | SF (Fe, TF, TSAT, TIBC) | SF < 50 µg/L | PP | Hemoglobin | 6 m |
| Milman [35] * | 1987 | Denmark | H | Cohort (S) | M | 56 | General | 21 † | MWU | SF (Fe, TF, TSAT) | SF < 15 µg/L | PP | Hemoglobin | 5 d |
| Turkay [42] | 1995 | Turkey | U-M | Cohort | M | 27 | General | 13.5 ‡ | T-test, corr | SF, Fe, TSAT | SF < 12 µg/L | II, III | Hemoglobin | 3 m |
| Preziosi [37] * | 1997 | Niger | L | Clinical trial (S) | M | 197 | General | NR | T-test | SF (Fe, TSAT) | SF < 12 µg/L | II, PP | Hemoglobin | 3, 6 m |
| Poyrazoğlu [30] * | 2011 | Turkey | U-M | Cohort (S) | M | 92 | General | 33 ‡ | ANOVA | SF, Fe, TSAT, TIBC | Anemia and (S) | II, PP | Hemoglobin | 3, 6, 12 m |
| Hanieh [31] * | 2013 | Vietnam | L-M | Clinical trial (S) | L | 1168 | General | 28.4 § | MLR | SF (sTfR sTfR/SF) | (S), SF < 15 µg/L | III | Hemoglobin | 6 m |
| Liu [38] * | 2015 | China | U-M | Cohort | L | 140 | General | 19.9 ‡ | T-test | SF, sTfR | Anemia | III | Hemoglobin | 42 d, 4 m, 6 m |
| Kulik [32] * | 2016 | Poland | H | Cohort (S) | M | 44 | General | 22 ‡ | corr | SF, sTfR | SF <15 µg/L | PP | Hemoglobin | 3 d |
| Matias [33] * | 2018 | Bangladesh | L-M | Clinical trial (S) | L | 1117 | General | NR | MLR | SF, sTfR | SF <12 µg/L | III | Hemoglobin | 6 m |
| Positive association | ||||||||||||||
| Kilbride [29] * | 2000 | Jordan | U-M | Case control (S) | H | 195 | Refugees | 15.2 ‡ | T-test | SF, Fe, TSAT (TIBC) | Anemia, SF <12 µg/L | PP | Hemoglobin | 9, 12 m (3, 6m) |
| Santos [39] * | 2018 | China | U-M | Clinical trial (S) | L | 1194 | General | NR | MLR | SF, sTfR | II, III | Hemoglobin | 9 m | |
| Abioye [40] * | 2019 | Philippines | L-M | Nested-Cohort (S) | L | 359 | Women with schistosomiasis and anemia | 13.4 ‡ | MLR | SF, (sTfR) | SF <12 µg/L | III | Hemoglobin | 6 m (12 m) |
| Shukla [41] * | 2019 | India | L-M | Cohort | L | 163 | General | 62.6 ‡ | T-test, corr | SF | Anemia | PP | Hemoglobin | 14 wk |
Country income according to World Bank classification (https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519 accessed on 20 July 2020 ); corr, correlation; d, Days; I, II, III, gestational trimester; H, high; L, low; L-M, lower-middle; U-M, upper-middle; MWU, Mann–Whitney U-test; M, medium; m, months; MLR, multiple linear regression; NA, not applicable; PP, peri-partum; SF, ferritin represents reported (or calculated); sTfR, soluble transferrin receptor; (S), maternal iron supplementation; TF, transferrin; TSAT, transferrin saturation; TIBC, total iron binding capacity; wk, week; y, year. * Studies reporting multiple outcomes; †, median; ‡, mean; §, geometric mean; values in the total study population. Studies are grouped by the direction of the association between maternal iron status and child hemoglobin.