Table 2.
Studies on human milk oligosaccharides composition examined in this review.
| Reference | Mothers | Quantification | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year of Publication | Country of Origin | Secretor Status | Number of Mothers | Methodology | |
| Studies Published (Post-2015) | |||||
| 2019 | [21] | Europe (Spain, France, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Romania and Sweden) | +/- | 9, 83, 13, 10, 95, 40, 40, respectively | UHPLC-FL |
| 2019 | [23] | UAE | +/- | 40 | HPLC-MRM-MS |
| 2019 | [24] | China (Beijing) | nr | 33 | UHPLC-FL |
| 2018 | [25] | China (Guangzhou), Malaysia | nr | 20 26 |
HPLC-MRM-MS |
| 2018 | [26] | USA | nr | 10 | HPAEC-PAD |
| 2018 | [1] | China (Hohhot) The Netherlands |
+/- | 30 28 |
CE-LIF |
| 2018 | [27] | Canada | +/- | 427 | HPLC-FL |
| 2018 | [28] | China, South Africa, Finland, and Spain | nr | 20, 19, 20, 20, respectively | NMR |
| 2017 | [29] | Malawi USA |
+/- | 88 45 |
UHPLC/QqQ-MS |
| 2017 | [30] | Singapore | nr | 50 | HPAEC-PAD |
| 2017 | [31] | Spain (Valencia) | +/- | 14 | HPAEC-PAD |
| 2016 | [32] | China (Beijing, Suzhou, Guangzhou) | nr | 446 | UHPLC-FL |
| Studies reviewed by Thurl et al. [2] 1 | nr | ||||
| 2015 | [33] | The Netherlands | +/- | 7/5 | CE-FL |
| 2015 | [34] | USA | nr | 15/13 | NMR |
| 2014 | [35] | USA | +/- | 13/4 | LC-MS |
| 2014 | [36] | USA | +/- | 10/10 | LC-MS |
| 2014 | [37] | South Africa | +/- | 20/21 | HPLC-UV |
| 2013 | [38] | USA | + | 4 | LC-MS |
| 2013 | [39] | USA | +/- | 40/12 | NMR |
| 2011 | [40] | Italy | +/- | 16/23 | HPAEC-PAD |
| 2011 | [41] | Italy | +/- | 42/21 | HPAEC-PAD |
| 2010 | [42] | Samoa | nr | 16 | HPLC-UV |
| 2010 | [43] | Germany | + | 21 | HPAEC-PAD |
| 2008 | [44] | Japan | + | 12 | HPLC-UV |
| 2007 | [45] | Japan | nr | 20 | HPLC-UV |
| 2007 | [46] | USA | nr | 8 | CE-UV |
| 2003 | [47] | Spain | nr | 12 | HPLC-UV |
| 2003 | [48] | Japan | nr | 20 | HPLC-UV |
| 2001 | [49] | Mexico | + | 11 | HPLC-UV |
| 2000 | [8] | Various world regions | + | 197 | HPAEC-PAD |
| 1999 | [50] | Italy | + | 18 | HPAEC-PAD |
| 1999 | [51] | Germany | +/- | 2/2 | HPAEC-PAD |
| 1999 | [52] | USA | + | 12 | HPAEC-PAD |
1 The systematic review by Thurl et al., (2017) [2] compiled data from 21 articles published between 1999–2015 of HMO concentrations (mean values). The single values at different gestational age and stages of lactation from healthy mothers with identified secretor status were also presented. UHPLC-FL; Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. HPLC-MRM-MS; High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Multiple Reaction Monitoring-Mass Spectrometry. HPAEC-PAD, High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. CE-LIF, Capillary electrophoresis with the laser-induced fluorescence detection. UHPLC/QqQ-MS; Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. CE-FL; Capillary electrophoresis coupled with fluorescence detection. NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance. LC-MS; Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. HPLC-UV; High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-with Ultraviolet detector. CE-UV; Capillary electrophoresis with UV detection. Secretor status, (+) secretor; (-) non-secretor; (nr) not reported.