Table 1.
Serum and dietary vitamin D and sociodemographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric variables in individuals with class II/III obesity.
| Variables | n (%) | Vitamin D Serum | Vitamin D Dietary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <20 ng/mL | p | <70.4 IU/Day (p50) | p-Value | ||
| Sex | |||||
| Men | 22 (14.7) | 2 (10.0) | 0.739 * | 8 (10.7) | 0.166 ** |
| Women | 128 (85.3) | 18 (90.0) | 67 (89.3) | ||
| Age groups (years) | |||||
| 18–29 | 19 (12.7) | 1 (5.0) | 0.051 * | 11 (14.7) | 0.708 ** |
| 30–39 | 57 (38.0) | 4 (20.0) | 28 (37.3) | ||
| 40–49 | 53 (35.3) | 9 (45.0) | 24 (32.0) | ||
| ≥ 50 | 21 (14.0) | 6 (30.0) | 12 (16.0) | ||
| Skin colour | |||||
| White | 46 (30.7) | 5 (25.0) | 0.367 * | 20 (26.7) | 0.491 ** |
| Brown | 83 (55.3) | 14 (70.0) | 45 (60.0) | ||
| Black | 21 (14.0) | 1 (5.0) | 10 (13.3) | ||
| Schooling years | |||||
| ≤4 | 15 (10.0) | 3 (15.0) | 0.521 * | 6 (8.0) | 0.619 ** |
| 5–11 | 110 (73.3) | 13 (65.0) | 55 (73.3) | ||
| ≥ 12 | 25 (16.7) | 4 (20.0) | 25 (18.7) | ||
| Social Class | |||||
| A–B | 34 (22.7) | 3 (15.0) | 0.543 * | 19 (25.3) | 0.400 ** |
| C | 92 (61.3) | 15 (75.0) | 42 (56.0) | ||
| D–E | 24 (16.0) | 2 (10.0) | 14 (18.7) | ||
| Smoking | |||||
| Never | 101 (67.3) | 13 (65.0) | 0.811 ** | 53 (70.7) | 0.384 ** |
| Ex-smoker/smoker | 49 (32.7) | 7 (35.0) | 22 (29.3) | ||
| Binge drinking | |||||
| Yes | 43 (54.4) | 3 (30.0) | 0.093 * | 27 (61.4) | 0.165 ** |
| No | 36 (45.6) | 7 (701.0) | 17 (38.6) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| 35–39.9 | 25 (16.7) | 4 (20.0) | 0.212 * | 17 (22.7) | 0.141 ** |
| 40–49.9 | 85 (56.7) | 8 (40.0) | 39 (52.0) | ||
| ≥ 50 | 40 (26.6) | 8 (40.0) | 19 (25.3) | ||
* Fisher. ** chi-square. p50 (median). Binge drinking was calculated based on 79 drinkers.