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. 2021 Jul 17;13(7):1390. doi: 10.3390/v13071390

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Host nucleic acid sensing pathways and targets of E6 and E7. A cartoon showing cytoplasmic nucleic acid sensors and their signaling cascades inducing type I IFN production and ISG expression that are targeted by E6 and E7 (left panel). A cartoon showing the effects of secreted IFNs on neighboring cells through activation of the JAK–STAT pathway leading to an antiviral state (right). HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 manipulate these pathways at different stages, damping the innate immune response and establishing a persistent infection. (Created with BioRender.com, 24 June 2021).