Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and medical history of participants. Abbreviations: ENT, ear nose throat; IQR, interquartile range; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit, HCP, healthcare provider.
| Pregnant Women | Breastfeeding Mothers | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 515 | (%) | n = 1036 | (%) | n = 1551 | (%) | ||
| Baseline characteristics | |||||||
| Maternal age (years)—median (IQR) | 33 | (31–35) | 33 | (31–35) | 33 | (31–35) | |
| >40 years | 19 | (3.7) | 63 | (6.1) | 82 | (5.3) | |
| Marital status | |||||||
| Married/cohabiting | 422 | (81.9) | 815 | (78.7) | 1237 | (79.8) | |
| Single/divorced/others | 4 | (0.8) | 9 | (0.9) | 13 | (0.8) | |
| Unknown | 89 | (17.3) | 212 | (20.5) | 301 | (19.4) | |
| Working status | |||||||
| Health care provider | 122 | (23.7) | 195 | (18.8) | 317 | (20.4) | |
| Employed other than HCP | 257 | (49.9) | 465 | (44.9) | 722 | (46.6) | |
| Student | 3 | (0.6) | 7 | (0.7) | 10 | (0.6) | |
| Housewife | 21 | (4.1) | 118 | (11.4) | 139 | (9.0) | |
| Job seeker | 12 | (2.3) | 23 | (2.2) | 35 | (2.3) | |
| Unknown | 100 | (19.4) | 228 | (22.0) | 328 | (21.1) | |
| Educational level | |||||||
| Less than high school | 9 | (1.8) | 20 | (1.9) | 29 | (1.9) | |
| High school | 75 | (14.6) | 212 | (20.5) | 287 | (18.5) | |
| More than high school | 257 | (49.9) | 464 | (44.8) | 721 | (46.5) | |
| Unknown | 174 | (33.8) | 340 | (32.8) | 514 | (33.0) | |
| Primary language | |||||||
| French | 217 | (42.1) | 418 | (40.4) | 635 | (40.9) | |
| German | 183 | (35.5) | 322 | (31.1) | 505 | (32.6) | |
| Italian | 8 | (1.6) | 23 | (2.2) | 31 | (2.0) | |
| Other | 18 | (3.5) | 61 | (5.8) | 79 | (5.1) | |
| Unknown | 89 | (17.3) | 212 | (20.5) | 301 | (19.4) | |
| Maternal co-morbidities | |||||||
| Any comorbidity | 51 | (9.9) | 100 | (9.7) | 151 | (9.7) | |
| Pulmonary | 14 | (2.7) | 28 | (2.7) | 42 | (2.7) | |
| Cardio-vascular | 6 | (1.2) | 11 | (1.1) | 17 | (1.1) | |
| Pregestational diabetes | 5 | (1.0) | 9 | (0.9) | 14 | (0.9) | |
| Thyroid dysfunction | 12 | (2.3) | 27 | (2.6) | 39 | (2.5) | |
| Oncologic | 1 | (0.2) | 2 | (0.2) | 3 | (0.2) | |
| Hematologic | 2 | (0.4) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (0.1) | |
| Auto-immune | 2 | (0.4) | 4 | (0.4) | 6 | (0.4) | |
| Neurologic | 3 | (0.6) | 4 | (0.4) | 7 | (0.5) | |
| Psychic | 3 | (0.6) | 6 | (0.6) | 9 | (0.6) | |
| Digestive | 3 | (0.6) | 7 | (0.7) | 10 | (0.7) | |
| Uro-genital tract | 6 | (1.2) | 15 | (1.4) | 21 | (1.4) | |
| Cutaneous | 2 | (0.4) | 4 | (0.4) | 6 | (0.4) | |
| ENT | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (0.1) | 1 | (0.1) | |
| Smoking | 69 | (13.4) | 149 | (14.4) | 218 | (14.1) | |
| Actual pregnancy or breastfeeding | |||||||
| Practitioner: | Obstetrician | 468 | 90.9 | / | |||
| Midwife | 13 | 8.3 | |||||
| Family physician | 4 | 0.8 | |||||
| Gestation | 1 | 240 | 46.6 | / | |||
| >1 | 275 | 53.4 | |||||
| Parity | 0 | 20/274 | 7.3 | / | |||
| 1 | 204/274 | 74.4 | |||||
| >1 | 50/274 | 18.2 | |||||
| Planned pregnancy | 483 | 93.8 | / | ||||
| Gestational age—median (IQR) | 28 | (18-34) | / | ||||
| 1st Trimester | 79 | (15.0) | |||||
| 2nd Trimester | 194 | (40.7) | |||||
| 3rd Trimester | 241 | (44.3) | |||||
| Neonate hospitalized in NICU | / | 29 | (2.8) | ||||