Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine logoLink to Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
. 2021 Jul 28;13(1):100496. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.07.012

Integrative management of critical case of Covid 19 with Ayurveda and modern medicine: A case report

Amit Nakanekar a,∗, Siddharth Kulkarni b, Punam Khobarkar a, Minal Belsare c
PMCID: PMC8315940  PMID: 34334979

Abstract

Covid 19 pandemic has placed challenges in front of medical health fraternity in terms of management, prevention and immunity building. Effectiveness of any medication has not conclusively proven; hence there is need for integrative management of Covid 19. We have managed a critical case of Covid-19 having history of thalassemia, hypothyroidism with integrative management of Ayurveda and modern medicine. A male patient (59 years of age) with history of thalassemia had complaints of cough and breathlessness since 4 days. He performed RT PCR because of his exposure to a Covid positive cases in immediate family. He was treated with Favipiravir at home for 5 days. He deteriorated on 6th day with SPO2 dropped to 75%, temp raised to 101 F and respiratory rate (RR) raised to 45/min. He was admitted in Yogeshwari Hospital Daund, Maharashtra; treated with oxygen inhalation, Remdesvir and Ayurveda medicines in intensive care unit (ICU). Ayurveda treatment protocol was advised through telemedicine. Significant improvement in clinical symptoms and normal HRCT was observed at completion of treatment. This case report provides further directions for integrative management in cases of Covid 19. Further clinical research studies in this direction are warranted.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Integrative medicine, Case report, Critical case, Covid 19

1. Introduction

As per World Health Organisation's (WHO) 17-10-2020 report, globally there were 39, 196, 259 confirmed cases of Covid-19 and 1,101,298 deaths [1]. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major culprit that causes death and interferes with treatment and affects recovery in Covid 19 patients. Cytokine storm, immune dysfunction increases the risk of mortality [2]. A Double blind clinical trial on effectiveness of Remdesvir in Covid 19 shows statistically insignificant results [3] Through WHO's Solidary trial on repurposed antiviral drugs in Covid 19, it was reported that Remdesvir is minimally effective in hospitalized Covid 19 patients [4]. Some studies have reported that hypoxemic respiratory failure is one of the important cause of death in critically ill patients of Covid 19 [5].

A position statement by international thalassemia federation says that there is a knowledge gap and lack of epidemiological evidence in Covid 19 infections in thalassemia patients. It also mentions that Covid 19 pandemic represents a significant challenge for such patients [6]. A critically ill thalassemia patient with SARS-COV2 infection represents a great challenge for its management. Recent review articles have also advocated Evidence based knowledge of ancient Indian system, this may open a new door of integration for overall improvement in Covid 19 patients [7]. Some of the recent editorials by important journals on Ayurveda and integrative medicine also emphasizes role of AYUSH interventions on Covid 19 management [8]. Critical analysis of AYUSH interventions on covid 19 management shows that none of the trial includes thalassemia patients [9].

Covid 19 can be correlated with Janapadodhwansa Vikara (epidemic disease) [10]. Some published articles emphasize true potential of Ayurveda for treatment of Covid 19 patients [11] There are few case reports published on Ayurveda management of Covid 19 cases [12,13]. This particular case of Covid 19 with history of thalassemia presented as hypoxemic emergency is important, because this case is managed in critical care unit with integrative protocol of Ayurveda and modern medicine.

2. Patient information

A 59 years’ male patient had complaints of cough, breathlessness and mild fever since 4 days. He had history of intermittent blood transfusions since 10 yrs. In spite of earlier blood transfusions, diagnosis of thalassemia was made 2 months ago; reports before that were unavailable. Patient received 3 points of blood transfusion as advised by physician two months ago. He also has a history of hypothyroidism, hemorrhoids since 15 years and tobacco addiction since 25 years.

He suspected cobid infection because he has cough, weakness and he came in close contact with his daughter who was Covid positive (daughter positive on 25/7/2020). RT-PCR confirmed Covid 19 positive status. He took oral Favipiravir (Tablet. Fabiflu) at home for 5 days but his condition was worsening. Hence he was admitted at Yogeshwari hospital, Daund, Maharashtra on 6th day. Patient's general condition was poor. His SPO2 was 75 % respiratory rate 45/min and temp was 101 F.

3. Clinical findings

General clinical examination was performed by physician SK. Patient's general condition was poor. Temperature was 101 F at the time of admission, pulse 140/min, blood pressure 120/70 mm/hg. SPO2 was 75%. Respiratory rate was 45/min. Bilateral course crepitation's, reduced air entry with dull ache in right basal region of chest was noted.

Graph 1 represents day wise temperature, pulse and SPO2. Ayurveda examination was done telephonically and through what's app video call by AN as per the method reported by Rastogi et al. [14].

Graph 1.

Graph 1

Open in a new tab

Datewise Temp, Pulse, Respiratory rate, blood pressure, SPO2.

During Ashtavidha Parikshan (∼eight fold diagnostic approach) constipation (∼Malavshtambh) was present, Jivha (∼tongue) was coated, Shabda (∼speech) was Spasht, Drik (∼vision) was normal, Aakriti (∼body built) was Krish (∼lean). Agni (∼metabolic power) was accessed telephonically as per method reported by Patil et al. [15]. Nadi (∼pulse) could not be accessed.

Dashavidh Parikshan (∼tenfold diagnostic approach) was performed by MB just few days before episode of Covid 19. It showed Prakriti - Vatpittaj, Sar-Madhyam, Samhanan- Madhyam, Satva- Madhyam, Satmya-Madhyam, Desh- Sadharan, Vaya- Madhyam, Kal- Varsha Rutu.

After possible examinations we could conclude that Pranvaha (∼respiratory system), Annavaha (∼gastrointestinal system), Purishvaha (∼excretory system) and Ras vaha Strotas (∼lymphatic system) were affected.

Systemic examination was performed by treating physician (SK) showed reduced air entry bilateral crepitation's, cardiovascular sounds were within normal limits. Neurologically he was stupor but oriented.

Details of clinical symptoms from the onset of symptoms to complete relief are described in Table 2.

Table 2.

Details of Treatment.

Modern Medicine Ayurveda medicine Symptoms
28/7/2020
  • 1)

    TAB. Fabiflu 200 9-0-9∗1day 4-0-4∗7day

  • 2)

    TAB Rebex D 1-0-0

  • 3)

    capD3 HD 1-0-0(Once)

  • 4)

    TAB Vit A 1-0-0

  • 5)

    TAB Vit C 500 1-0-1

  • 6)

    TAB A-Z Gold 1-0-0

  • 7)

    Inj. Clexane 1-0-0

  • 8)

    TAB Cettas 200 1-0-1

 Cough
No Fever
No any other symptoms
29/7/2020
  • 1)

    TAB. Fabiflu 200 9-0-9∗1day 4-0-4∗7day

  • 2)

    TAB Rebex D 1-0-0

  • 3)

    CAP.D3 HD 1-0-0(Once)

  • 4)

    TAB. Vit A 1-0-0

  • 5)

    TAB Vit C 500 1-0-1

  • 6)

    TAB A-Z Gold 1-0-0

  • 7)

    Inj. Clexane 1-0-0

  • 8)

    TAB. Cettas 200 1-0-1

 Cough
No Fever
No any other symptoms
30/7/2020
  • 1)

    TAB. Fabiflu 200 9-0-9∗1day 4-0-4∗7day

  • 2)

    TAB Rebex D 1-0-0

  • 3)

    capD3 HD 1-0-0(Once)

  • 4)

    TAB. Vit A 1-0-0

  • 5)

    TAB. Vit C 500 1-0-1

  • 6)

    TAB. A-Z Gold 1-0-0

  • 7)

    Inj. Clexane 1-0-0

  • 8)

    TAB Cettas 200 1-0-1

 Cough
No Fever
No any other symptoms
31/7/2020
  • 9)

    TAB Fabiflu 200 9-0-9∗1day 4-0-4∗7day

  • 10)

    TAB. Rebex D 1-0-0

  • 11)

    CAP.D3 HD 1-0-0(Once)

  • 12)

    TAB Vit A 1-0-0

  • 13)

    TAB Vit C 500 1-0-1

  • 14)

    TAB A-Z Gold 1-0-0

  • 15)

    Inj. Clexane 1-0-0

  • 16)

    TAB. Cettas 200 1-0-1

 Cough
No Fever
No any other symptoms
1/8/2020
  • 1)

    TAB. Fabiflu 200 9-0-9∗1day 4-0-4∗7day

  • 2)

    TAB. Rebex D 1-0-0

  • 3)

    CAP.D3 HD 1-0-0(Once)

  • 4)

    TAB. Vit A 1-0-0

  • 5)

    TAB. Vit C 500 1-0-1

  • 6)

    TAB. A-Z Gold 1-0-0

  • 7)

    Inj. Clexane 1-0-0

  • 8)

    TAB. Cettas 200 1-0-1

 Cough
No Fever
Breathlessness
2/8/2020
  • 1)

    Inj. Remdesevir 100 mg OD

  • 2)

    Inj. Durataz 4.5 mg in 100NS TDS

  • 3)

    Inj. Rabicip 20 mg OD

  • 4)

    Inj. Ondem 4 mg TDS

  • 5)

    Inj. Dexa 4 mg TDS

  • 6)

    Inj. Clexane 0.6 OD

  • 7)

    TAB. Colchicine 100 mg BD

  • 8)

    TAB. Viznil HS

  • 9)

    TAB. Bandy plus BD

  • 10)

    SYP. Ascoril 2 Tsp TDS

  • 11)

    NS/RL 8hrly

  • 12)

    Oxygen therapy

  • 1)

    Sunthi + Kantakari + Pushkarmul + Guduchi each 20 gm + Rasa Sindur 1 gm (21 packets) 1 packet with warm water tds

  • 2)

    Sanshmani Vati with warm water 3 tab TDS

  • 3)

    Haridra + Yasathimadhu gargles

 Cough
Fever
Breathless-ness
Hypoxia
3/8/2020
  • 1)

    Inj. Remdesevir 100 mg OD

  • 2)

    Inj. Durataz 4.5 mg in 100NS TDS

  • 3)

    Inj. Rabicip 20 mg OD

  • 4)

    Inj. Ondem 4 mg TDS

  • 5)

    Inj. Dexa 4 mg TDS

  • 6)

    Inj. Clexane 0.6 OD

  • 7)

    TAB. Chalchicine 100 mg BD

  • 8)

    TAB. Viznil HS

  • 9)

    TAB. Bandy plus BD

  • 10)

    SYP. Ascoril 2 Tsp TDS

  • 11)

    NS/RL 8hrly

  • 12)

    Oxygen therapy

  • 1)

    Sunthi + Kantakari + Pushkarmul + Guduchi each 20 gm + Rasa Sindur 1 gm (21 packets) 1 packet with warm water tds

  • 2)

    Sanshmani Vati with warm water 3TAB TDS

  • 3)

    Haridra + Yasathimadhu gargles

 Cough
Breathless-ness
4/8/2020
  • 1)

    Inj. Remdesevir 100 mg OD

  • 2)

    Inj. Durataz 4.5 mg in 100NS TDS

  • 3)

    Inj. Rabicip 20 mg OD

  • 4)

    Inj. Ondem 4 mg TDS

  • 5)

    Inj. Dexa 4 mg TDS

  • 6)

    Inj. Clexane 0.6 OD

  • 7)

    TAB Chalchicine 100 mg BD

  • 8)

    TAB Viznil HS

  • 9)

    TAB Bandy plus BD

  • 10)

    SYP Ascoril 2 Tsp TDS

  • 11)

    NS/RL 8hrly
  • 1)

    Sunthi + Kantakari + Pushkarmul + Guduchi each 20 gm + Rasa Sindur 1 gm (21 packets) 1 packet with warm water tds

  • 2)

    Sanshmani Vati with warm water 3tab TDS

  • 3)

    Haridra + Yasathimadhu gargles

 Cough
No other compliants
5/8/2020
  • 1)

    Inj. Remdesevir 100 mg OD

  • 2)

    Inj. Durataz 4.5 mg in 100NS TDS

  • 3)

    Inj. Rabicip 20 mg OD

  • 4)

    Inj. Ondem 4 mg TDS

  • 5)

    Inj. Dexa 4 mg TDS

  • 6)

    Inj. Clexane 0.6 OD

  • 7)

    TAB Chalchicine 100 mg BD

  • 8)

    TAB Viznil HS

  • 9)

    TAB Bandy plus BD
  • 1)

    Sunthi + Kantakari + Pushkarmul + Guduchi each 20 gm + Rasa Sindur 1 gm (21 packets) 1 packet with warm water tds

  • 2)

    Sanshmani Vati with warm water 3 tab TDS

  • 3)

    Haridra + Yasathimadhu gargles

 Cough
No other compliants
6/8/2020
  • 1)

    Inj. Remdesevir 100 mg OD

  • 2)

    Inj. Durataz 4.5 mg in 100NS TDS

  • 3)

    Inj. Rabicip 20 mg OD

  • 4)

    Inj. Ondem 4 mg TDS

  • 5)

    Inj. Dexa 4 mg TDS

  • 6)

    Inj. Clexane 0.6 OD

  • 7)

    TAB Chalchicine 100 mg BD

  • 8)

    TAB Viznil HS

  • 9)

    TAB Bandy plus BD

  • 10)

    SYP Ascoril 2 Tsp TDS

  • 11)

    NS/RL 8hrly

∗Pt shifted to general ward
  • 1)

    Sunthi + Kantakari + Pushkarmul + Guduchi each 20 gm with warm water for 7 days tds

  • 2)

    Sanshmani Vati with warm water 1-1-1 ∗7days

  • 3)

    Haridra + Yasathimadhu gargles

 Cough
7/8/2020
  • 1)

    Inj. Durataz 4.5 mg in 100NS TDS

  • 2)

    Inj. Rabicip 20 mg OD

  • 3)

    Inj. Ondem 4 mg TDS

  • 4)

    Inj. Dexa 4 mg TDS

  • 5)

    Inj. Clexane 0.6 OD

  • 6)

    TAB Chalchicine 100 mg BD

  • 7)

    TAB Viznil HS

  • 8)

    TAB Bandy plus BD

  • 9)

    SYP Ascoril 2 Tsp TDS

  • 10)

    NS/RL 8hrly
  • 1)

    Sunthi + Kantakari + Pushkarmul + Guduchi each 20 gm + Rasa Sindur 1 gm (21 packets) 1 packet with warm water tds

  • 2)

    Sanshmani Vati with warm water 3 tab TDS

  • 3)

    Haridra + Yasathimadhu gargles

  • 4)

    Trifala + Yastimadhu Gargles

 Cough
Constipations and mouth ulcer
8/8/2020
  • 1)

    Inj. Durataz 4.5 mg in 100NS TDS

  • 2)

    Inj. Rabicip 20 mg OD

  • 3)

    Inj. Ondem 4 mg TDS

  • 4)

    Inj. Dexa 4 mg TDS

  • 5)

    Inj. Clexane 0.6 OD

  • 6)

    TAB Chalchicine 100 mg BD

  • 7)

    TAB Viznil HS

  • 8)

    TAB Bandy plus BD

  • 9)

    SYP Ascoril 2 Tsp TDS

  • 10)

    NS/RL 8hrly
  • 1)

    Sunthi + Kantakari + Pushkarmul + Guduchi each 20 gm with warm water for 7 days tds

  • 2)

    Sanshmani Vati with warm w ater 3 TAB TDS

  • 3)

    Haridra + Yasathimadhu gargles

  • 4)

    Trifala + Yastimadhu Gargles

 Cough
Constipations and mouth ulcer
9/8/2020
  • 1)

    Inj. Durataz 4.5 mg in 100NS TDS

  • 2)

    Inj. Rabicip 20 mg OD

  • 3)

    Inj. Ondem 4 mg TDS

  • 4)

    Inj. Dexa 4 mg TDS

  • 5)

    Inj. Clexane 0.6 OD

  • 6)

    TAB Chalchicine 100 mg BD

  • 7)

    TAB Viznil HS

  • 8)

    TAB Bandy plus BD

  • 9)

    SYP Ascoril 2 Tsp TDS

  • 10)

    NS/RL 8hrly
  • 1)

    Sunthi + Kantakari + Pushkarmul + Guduchi each 20 gm + Rasa Sindur 1 gm (21 packets) 1 packet with warm water for 7 days tds

  • 2)

    Sanshmani Vati with warm water 3 tab TDS

  • 3)

    Haridra + Yasathimadhu gargles

  • 4)

    Trifala + Yastimadhu Gargles

 Cough
Constipatio-ns and mouth ulcer
10/8/2020
  • 1)

    TAB Omnix 200 mg BD

  • 2)

    TAB Drego D OD

  • 3)

    TAB Doxovent 200 mg BD

  • 4)

    TAB Wysolone 20 mg OD

  • 5)

    TAB Goutnil 0.5 mg HS

  • 6)

    TAB Supra plus OD

  • 7)

    TAB Viznil HS

PT got Discharged
  • 1)

    Sunthi + Kantakari + Pushkarmul + Guduchi each 20 gm + Rasa Sindur 1 gm (21 packets) 1 packet with warm water for 7 days tds

  • 2)

    Sanshmani Vati with warm water 3 TAB TDS

  • 3)

    Haridra + Yasathimadhu gargles

  • 4)

    Trifala + Yastimadhu Gargles

 Cough mouth ulcer
No other Compliant
11/8/2020
  • 1)

    TAB Omnix 200 mg BD

  • 2)

    TAB Drego D OD

  • 3)

    TAB Doxovent 200 mg BD

  • 4)

    TAB Wysolone 20 mg OD

  • 5)

    TAB Goutnil 0.5 mg HS

  • 6)

    TAB Supra plus OD

  • 7)

    TAB Viznil HS
  • 1)

    Sunthi + Kantakari + Pushkarmul + Guduchi each 20 gm + Rasa Sindur 1 gm (21 packets) 1 packet with warm water for 7 days tds

  • 2)

    Sanshmani Vati with warm water 3 TAB TDS

  • 3)

    Haridra + Yasathimadhu gargles

  • 4)

    Trifala + Yastimadhu Gargles

 Cough mild and mouth ulcer
No other Compliant
Open in a new tab

4. Diagnostic assessment

Patient was diagnosed - Covid positive by RTPCR (28/7/2020). Computerized tomography of thorax on dated 26/7/2020 showed subtle patchy ground glass opacities in Right lower lobe. Evidence of alveolar infiltrate, suspected early changes of Covid-19 infection (CORAD-3). C-reactive protein was 34.6 ng/dl, D-dimer was 309 ng/ml, Serum sodium was 134.1 MEq/L, Serum potassium was 4.11 MEq/L. Date wise details of investigations are mentioned in Table 1.

Table 1.

Investigations.

Coombs test (24/5/2020) Negative for complete antibodies at 37.5 °C
Negative for incomplete antibodies at37.5 °C
Bone marrow biopsy (25/5/2020) Bone marrow shows compensatory response to anaemia with features of Vitamin B12/folic acid deficiency. No definite evidence of malignancy
Folic acid (27/5/2020) 5.49 ng/ml
Abnormal haemoglobin Studies (25/5/2020)
Fetal Haemoglobin 0.5 Suggestive of beta thalassemia trait.
Haemoglobin A O 95.2
Haemoglobin A2 5.3
Reticulocyte 2.6
28/5/2020) USG Abdomen and pelvis Mild splenomegaly is noted without any focal lesion.
Cholelithiasis without changes of cholecystitis
Mild hepatomegaly with grade II fatty infiltration of the liver
Gaseous distension and dilatation of the entire colon.
26/7/2020 RTPCR Covid Positive
2/8/2020 4/8/2020 23/8/2020
Haemoglobin 8.6 gm/dl 8.3 gm/dl
HCT 31.8% 30.2%
MCV 65.2 fl 65 fl
MCH 17.5% pg 17% pg
MCHC 26.9 gm/dl 27.3 gm/dl
RDW-CV 0.136 0.136
RDW-SD 37.2 fl 37.1 fl
RBC 4.87 × 106/uL 4.65 × 106/uL
WBC 6.18 × 103/uL 2.83 × 103/uL
Neutrophil 0.883 0.536
Lymphocytes 0.082 0.261
Monocytes 0.033 0.120
Eosinophil 0.001 0.080
Basophils 0.001 0.003
Platelet count 203 × 103 u/L 162 × 103 u/L
CRP 36.2 mg/dl 3 mg/dl
D-Dimer 309 ng/ml 204.27 ng/ml 167.65 ng/ml
S. Sodium 134.1 mEq/L 139 mEq/L
S.Potassium 4.11 mEq/L 3.64 mEq/L
S.Chloride 108 mEq/L 110.3 mEq/L
Total bilirubin 0.83 mg/dl
Direct Bilirubin 0.33 mg/dl
Indirect Bilirubin 0.50 mg/dl
SGOT 48IU/L
SGPT 43IU/L
S. Alkaline Phosphatase 209
Creatinine 1.16 mg|dl
UREA 43 mg/dl
SLDH 583IU/L
Sr. ferritin 886.45 ng/ml
CT THORAX
26/7/2020 5/8/2020 23/8/2020
Subtle patchy ground glass opacities in Right lower lobe s|o alveolar infiltrate, however early changes of Covid-19 inf. Cannot rule out (CORADS3) Atypical organizing pneumonia No Significant abnormality in present study
Comment:- Swab testing RT PCR And Follow CT Thorax would help Quality for CORADS-5 and CT severity score 7 (mild infection)
Open in a new tab

5. Therapeutic intervention

Initially Tablet Fabiflu along with other medications was prescribed for 5 days. On 6th day his SPO2 dropped to 75 % with increase in body temperature (101 F) and respiratory rate increased to 45/min. Hence patient was shifted to ICU. He required 15 Liter/min of Oxygen for 12 h. Considering the severe breathlessness and hypoxia Fabiflu was discontinued and Injection of Remdesvir was prescribed. Ayurveda medications were prescribed along with existing modern medical treatment in ICU. Treatment plan along with rationale mentioned in Table 2, Table 3. Ayurveda treatment was planned considering treatment principles of Vatkaphaj Sannipataj Jwara along with treatment principles of Strotas involved [12].

Table 3.

Ayurvedic properties of medicines used.

Medicine Properties Action
Sunthi churna Guna-laghu, Snigdha
Ras-Katu
Vipak- Madhur
Virya – Ushna 		Pachan, Vibandhabhedan, Kaphavataghna
Used in Shwas, kas, Arsh, Aruchi
Guduchi churna Guna-Laghu, Snigdha
Rasa-Tikta, Kashay
Vipak-Madhur
Virya-Ushna 		Rasayan, Balya, Deepan, Tridoshaghna
Used in Kasa
Kantakari churna Guna-Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna
Rasa-Tikta, Katu
Vipak-Katu
Virya-Ushna 		Kaphavataghna, Deepan, Jwaraghna, Pachan, Used in all types of Kas and Shwas
Pushkarmul churna Guna-Laghu, Ruksha
Rasa-Tikta, katu
Vipak-Katu
Virya-Ushna 		Kaphavataj jwarhar, Used in kas, shwas, parshwshul
Yashtimadhu churna Guna-Guru, Snigdha
Ras-Madhur
Vipak- Madhur
Virya – Shit 		Pitta vataghna
Kanthya
Haridra churna Guna-Ruksha, Laghu
Rasa-Tikta, Katu
Vipak-Katu
Virya-Ushna 		Used in kas, Shwas, Vran
Triphala Churna Kaphapittaghna. Rasaayan, Deepan, Jwaraghna, Anulomak
Sanshamani Vati Rasa-Tikta
Rasa Sindur Used in Kas, Shwas, Jwar

5.

Open in a new tab

6. Follow up and outcomes

Ayurveda treatment along with modern medicine brought reduction in symptoms cough, breathlessness and fever. His SPO2 improved gradually with reduction of requirement for oxygen. Date wise changes in pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate, body temperature, SPO2 are mentioned in graph 1. Improvements in digestion, appetite were also observed gradually as mentioned in Graph 2.

Graph 2.

Graph 2

Open in a new tab

Score of symptoms of proper digestion, Capacity to eat, Appetite.

HRCT on 5/8/2020 ditected atypical organizing pneumonia quality for CORADS-5 and CT severity score was 7. HRCT dated 23/8/2020 does not show any significant abnormality. Graph 1, Graph 2 represents clinical changes. It was not possible to conduct HRCT when patient was serious hence clinical judgement along with blood investigations were served as criteria to assess the patient.

Oxygen requirement gradually decreased and patient could maintain oxygen level without oxygen supply after 48 hours of starting Ayurveda intervention. Ayurveda and modern treatment continued as per Table 2. Time line graph (Graph 1, Graph 2) describes summary of total course of the case.

7. Discussion

Covid 19 is a newly emerged disease and can be managed by the basic principles of Anukta Vyaadhi on the basis of Dosh, Dushya, Sthan and various pathological processes involved (Charak chikitsa sthan chapter 30) [16]. A physician with knowledge of various disciplines of sciences can take good decisions for his patients [17]. Hence an integrative approach is advocated in Ayurveda. Covid 19 falls under the category of Agantuj Jwara. On the basis of causative factors Agantuj Jwara is divided into 4 subtypes. Out of these 4 subtypes SARS COV2 is considered as Abhishangaj Jwara [18].

Ayurveda based Properties of various herbs/formulations included in management of this patient are described in Table 3. Combination of Sunthi (Zingiber Officinale), Pushkarmul (Inula Racemosa), Kantkari (Solanum Xanthocarpum) and Guduchi (Tinospora Cordifolia) are indicated in Vatkaphaj Jwar having symptoms of Shwas (dysponea), Kas(cough) and Parshwashool (pain in lateral side of chest) [19]. Rasa Sindur acts on Amashaya, Ura and various site of Kapha. It is mostly used in Vitiated Kapha Dosha with involvement of Rasa, Mansa as Dushya. It is also indicated in cases where one needs to increase speed of pharmacodynamics of the formulation (∼Yogvahi) [20] Guduchi is an crucial ingredient of Sanshamani Vati considering Rasayan, Jwarghna, and its action on Vaat-kapaha Rakta Sannipat as mentioned by Charaka. Higher doses of Sanshamni Vati were used to achieve fast recovery [21]. Triphala used considering its Visham Jwarghna, Kanthya, Rasayan, Anulomak properties [22]. Most of the Ayurveda medicines used in this case also have targeted action on gastrointestinal track (GIT) and improved various digestion related symptoms (Graph 2). It is also well known that Covid -19 virus down regulates ACE-2 receptors. These receptors are mainly situated on lungs and GIT [23]. We believe Ayurveda treatment may target up regulation of ACE-2 receptors through its action on Agni (∼metabolic power) and GIT. Ayurveda treatment can also target through gut mediated immune response and there by bringing recovery in this case.

In China, Ministry of Science and Technology launched integrative treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in Covid 19 [24]. Many of scholars have documented the importance breaking the walls and forming the bridges between different branches of science and different people who serve science [25]. Scientifically integrative approach means bringing both conventional and complementary approaches in a co-ordinated way with holistic patient centred approach. This also brings emotional, functional and physical wellbeing and restores health of patient after recovery from diseases [26]. This case was treated with same approach ensuring the complete wellbeing. Few studies have reported that mortality rate in Covid-19 patients with pre-existing beta thalassemia was much higher than Covid-19 patients without thalassemia. Pre-existing haemoglobin defects also causes increased mortality in Covid-19 individuals [27]. Various other pathological parameters like D-dimer, C reactive protein (CRP), LDH and Serum Ferritin also contribute to define prognosis of Covid-19 patients. We could also achieve decrease in D-dimer and CRP by reducing inflammation and modulating immunity through gut [28].

Use of newer methods of Ayurveda consultation (telemedicine), use of Ayurveda treatment in critical care unit, application of Ayurveda principles in combination with modern medicine, treating a critical patient with history of thalassemia, achieving success with team efforts, utilisation of many aspects of developments in communication, use of developments in modern science and amalgamation of all this with ancient wisdom were some important achievements. This case report can also serve as an example of mutual respect, trust and team work of modern mediciene practitioners and Ayurveda practitioners with patient centred approach. However, there are very few such documented cases with this approach and almost nil for Covid.19.

8. Patients perspective

Initially I was reluctant to start Ayurveda treatment but both of my daughters started taking it (they were Covid positive.). They were quite comfortable and had less sevior symptoms. Later I had many health complications, got respiratory difficulties and fever, hence I started Ayurveda treatment with allopathic treatment. Both Ayurveda and modern doctors communicated very well and planed my treatment very well. I am much happy and satisfied now with this integrative approach during my treatment.

9. Informed consent

Patient has given informed consent for publication of this case report.

10. Conclusion

This case report gives us a future direction for integrative management in cases of Covid 19. This case report also gives leads in application of integrative protocols in critical care medicine. Further clinical research studies in this direction are warranted.

Conflict of interest

Nil.

Author contributions

Conceptualization and Treatment Plan - AN, SK.

Rough Draft and Ayurveda formulation preparation - PK, MB.

Critical Editing of Draft - AN, PK.

Data Collection - AN, SK.

Data Presentation - AN, PK, MB.

Footnotes

Peer review under responsibility of Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore.

Appendix A

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2021.07.012.

Appendix A. Supplementary data

The following is the Supplementary data to this article:

Multimedia component 1
mmc1.pdf (2.6MB, pdf)

References

  • 1.https://covid19.who.int/accessed on 18/10/2020.
  • 2.Huang B., Ling R., Cheng Y., Wen J, Dai Y, Huang W, et al. Characteristics of the coronavirus disease 2019 and related therapeutic options. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2020;18:367–375. doi: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.06.013. Published 2020 Jun 24. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Wang Y., Zhang D., Du G., Du R., Zhao J., Jin Y., et al. Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2020 May 16;395(10236):1569–1578. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31022-9. Epub 2020 Apr 29. Erratum in: Lancet. 2020 May 30;395(10238):1694. PMID: 32423584; PMCID: PMC7190303. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.WHO Solidarity Trial Consortium Pan H., Peto R., Henao-Restrepo A.M., Preziosi M.P., Sathiyamoorthy V., Abdool Karim Q., et al. Repurposed antiviral drugs for covid-19-interim WHO solidarity trial results. N Engl J Med. 2020 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2023184. NEJMoa2023184. Advance online publication. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Shukla U., Chavali S., Mukta P., Mapari A., Vyas A. Initial experience of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in western India: a case series. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2020 Jul;24(7):509–513. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23477. PMID: 32963432; PMCID: PMC7482330. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Farmakis D., Giakoumis A., Cannon L., Angastiniotis M., Eleftheriou A. COVID-19 and thalassaemia: a position statement of the Thalassaemia International Federation. Eur J Haematol. 2020 Oct;105(4):378–386. doi: 10.1111/ejh.13476. Epub 2020 Jul 13. PMID: 32573838; PMCID: PMC7361751. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Pathania M., Bhardwaj P., Pathania N., Rathaur V.K., Amisha A review on exploring evidence-based approach to harnessing the immune system in times of corona virus pandemic: best of modern and traditional Indian system of medicine. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2020;9(8):3826–3837. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_504_20. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Tillu G., Salvi S., Patwardhan B. AYUSH for COVID-19 management. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2020;11(2):95–96. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.06.012. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Bhapkar V., Sawant T., Bhalerao S. A critical analysis of CTRI registered AYUSH studies for COVID- 19. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2020 doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.10.012. S0975–9476(20)30103-0. Advance online publication. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Rastogi S., Pandey D.N., Singh R.H. COVID-19 pandemic: a pragmatic plan for ayurveda intervention [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 23] J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2020 doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.04.002. S0975–9476(20)30019-X. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Golechha M. Time to realise the true potential of Ayurveda against COVID-19. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul;87:130–131. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.003. Epub 2020 May 7. PMID: 32389701; PMCID: PMC7204691. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Girija P.L.T., Sivan N. Ayurvedic treatment of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2: a case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2020 Jun 19 doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.06.001. S0975–9476(20)30042-5. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32680602; PMCID: PMC7303645. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Joshi J.A., Puthiyedath R. Outcomes of Ayurvedic care in a COVID-19 patient with hypoxia - a Case Report [published online ahead of print, 2020 Oct 13] J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2020 doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.10.006. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Rastogi S., Singh N., Pandey P. On the brighter side of COVID-19 induced Lockdown: devising the collateral methods to provide Ayurveda consultation during impasse. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2020 May 8 doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.05.001. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32390696; PMCID: PMC7205709. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Patil V.C., Baghel M.S., Thakar A.B. Assessment of Agni (digestive function) and koshtha (bowel movement with special reference to abhyantara snehana (internal oleation) Ancient Sci Life. 2008;28(2):26–28. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Joshi Y.G. Charak Samhita of charaka chikitsa sthan, Yonivyapad chikitsa, chapter 30, verse 291–292, Vaidya mitra Prakashan. 1st ed. 2003. page 701. [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Shastri A., editor. Sushrutsamhita,Sutrasthan, Prabhashniya adhyay, chapter 4 verse 7. 1st ed. Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan; Varanasi: 2014. p. 21. [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Adluri U., Tripathi A.C. Understanding COVID - 19 pandemic - a comprehensive Ayurvedic perspective. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2020 doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.08.001. S0975–9476(20)30064-4. Advance online publication. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Tripathi S.Dravyagun Vidhnyan Part 2, Chaukhamba Bharati Academy reprint 2011 pages,332-335,252-255,761-763,280-282,296-298,162–165.
  • 20.Gune G. Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan; Varanasi: 2017. Ayurvediya aushadhigundharmashastra, sanyukta kalp, chapter 4; pp. 68–74. [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Tripathi B., editor. Sharangdhar samhita, madhyamkhand, churnakalpana adhyay, chapter 6, verse 9-11. 1st ed. Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan; Varanasi: 2013. p. 117. [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Joshi Y.G., editor. Charak samhita of charaka sutra sthan, yajjapurushiya adhyay ,chapter 25, verse 40, vaidya mitra prakashan. 1st ed. 2003. page 305. [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Stawicki Stanislaw P., Jeanmonod R, Miller AC, Paladino L, Gaieski D.F., Yaffee A.Q, et al. “The 2019-2020 novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic: a joint American college of academic international medicine-world academic council of emergency medicine multidisciplinary COVID-19 working group consensus paper. J Global Infect Dis. 22 May. 2020;12(2):47–93. doi: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_86_20. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Ho L.T.F., Chan K.K.H., Chung V.C.H., Leung T.H. Highlights of traditional Chinese medicine frontline expert advice in the China national guideline for COVID-19. Eur J Integr Med. 2020;36:101116. doi: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Rastogi S. Building bridges between ayurveda and modern science. Int J Ayurveda Res. 2010;1(1):41–46. doi: 10.4103/0974-7788.59943. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 26.https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/complementary-alternative-or-integrative-health-whats-in-a-name
  • 27.De Sanctis V., Canatan D., Corrons J.L.V., Karimi M, Daar S, Kattamis C, et al. A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand. Acta Biomed. 2020;91(3) doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i3.10063. e2020026. Published 2020 Sep. 7. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 28.Lagadinou M., Salomou E.E., Zareifopoulos N., Marangos M., Gogos C., Velissaris D. Prognosis of COVID-19: changes in laboratory parameters. Infezioni Med Le. 2020;28(suppl 1):89–95. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Associated Data

This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.

Supplementary Materials

Multimedia component 1
mmc1.pdf (2.6MB, pdf)

Articles from Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

RESOURCES