Table 1 –

Imaging selection criteria in trials extending the time window for reperfusion therapies

Parameter	DAWN	DEFUSE 3	EXTEND	ECASS4	WAKE-UP
Ischemic core	Diffusion MRI: ADC<620	Diffusion MRI: ADC<620	Diffusion MRI: ADC<620	Diffusion MRI: visual assessment	Diffusion MRI: visual assessment
	CT perfusion: relative CBF<30%	CT perfusion: relative CBF<30%	CT perfusion: relative CBF<30%	N/A	N/A
Critical hypoperfusion	Tmax>6s	Tmax>6s	Tmax>6s	Perfusion MRI: visual assessment	N/A
Mismatch criteria	Clinical-core mismatch (RAPID): Age>80, NIHSS>10, core<20mL Age<80, NIHSS10–19, core<30mL Age<80, NIHSS≥20, core<50mL	Automated perfusion mismatch (RAPID): core<70mL mismatch ratio≥1.8 mismatch volume≥15 mL	Automated perfusion mismatch (RAPID): core<70mL mismatch ratio>1.2 mismatch volume>10 mL	Visual perfusion mismatch: core<70mL mismatch ratio>1.2 mismatch volume>10 mL	Visual diffusion-FLAIR mismatch: Diffusion abnormal without corresponding significant FLAIR hyperintensity
Outcome:	Benefit of EVT 6–24h	Benefit of EVT 6–16h	Benefit of IVT 4.5–9h and 9h after midpoint of sleep for wake-up stroke	Neutral	Benefit of IVT <4.5h after symptom discovery for wake-up/unknown onset

CBF – cerebral blood flow; Tmax – time to maximum; NIHSS – National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; FLAIR – fluid-attenuated inversion recovery