Table 2.
Summary of the current FDA-approved vaccines designed against SARS-CoV-2 utilizing the S protein
| Vaccine (brand/ generic name) | Manufacturer | Vaccine platform | Antigen | Dose and dosage regimen | Overall efficacy | Clinical phases [50, 108] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderna/mRNA-1273 | Moderna (US) | mRNA | Full length S protein stabilized in pre-fusion state by proline substitutions |
100 µg Two doses by IM injection separated by 28 days (~ 4 weeks) |
94.1% |
Phases I–III Authorized by the FDA for emergency use |
| Astrazeneca/ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 | Oxford- Astrazeneca (UK) | Viral vector | Recombinant replication-deficient chimpanzee adenoviral vector utilizing the full-length SARS-CoV-2 S protein gene |
Standard dose: 0.5 mL containing 5 × 1010 viral particles Two doses by IM injection separated by interval of 8–12 weeks |
70·4% |
Phases I–III Recently approved by the WHO for emergency use. Not FDA approved yet |
| Pfizer/BNT162b2 | Pfizer- BioNTech (US) | mRNA | Full length S protein stabilized in pre-fusion state by proline substitutions |
30 μg Two doses regimen separated by 21 days |
95% |
Phases I–III Authorized for emergency use |
| (Janssen/Johnson and Johnson)/Ad26.COV2. S | Janssen/Johnson and Johnson (US) | Recombinant, replication-incompetent human Ad26 vector | Full length S protein stabilized in pre-fusion state by proline substitutions |
One dose (0.5 ml) contains 5 × 1010 viral particles One single dose |
66.3% |
Phases I–III Authorized by the FDA and the WHO for emergency use |
| Novavax/NVX-CoV2373 | Novavax (US) | S protein subunit | Pre-fusion stabilized full-length recombinant S protein |
One dose contains 5 µg protein and 50 µg adjuvant Two doses administered 21 days apart |
90.4% | Phases I–III |
| CureVac/CVnCoV | CureVac AG. (Germany) | mRNA | Pre-fusion stabilized full-length S protein |
12 μg Two doses administered 28 days apart |
48% | Phases I–III |