Table 2.
Study and participant demographics
| Study | Country | Study design | Sample size | Patient population | Previous TAVI/SAVR | Age (years), mean (SD) |
Sex (male), n (%) |
Surgical risk STS score, median (IQR) |
Heart failure symptoms NYHA class*, n (%) |
Quality of life, symptoms, function, n |
| Quantitative studies | ||||||||||
| Marsh et al 34 | USA | Adapted swing weighting | 219† | Self-reported aortic stenosis; received treatment within 10 years or experiencing limitations in their physical activity due to aortic stenosis. | Undergone aortic stenosis treatment (unspecified)=80.4% | 19–39=26.5%; 40–59=33.8%; 60–74=25.1%; 75–89=13.2%; 90+=1.4% | 91 (41.6) | NR | Class I=78 (35.6%); class II=101 (46.1%); class III=40 (18.3%) | General health (past week): very good=55; good=85; fair=65; poor=13; very poor=1 |
| Hussain et al 26 | Norway | Standard gamble | 439 | Severe aortic stenosis; referred for aortic valve treatment. | NR | 75 (11) | 264 (60) | 11.9% (7.50%–17.10%) | Class I=11 (13%); class II=43 (50%); class III/IV=46 (53%)‡ | SF-36§¶ physical component score=38 (10); mental component score=49 (10) |
| Qualitative studies | ||||||||||
| Coylewright et al 24 | USA | Interview | 46 | Severe aortic stenosis; assessed for aortic valve treatment. | NR | 68–74=5; 75–89=29; 90+=12 |
25 (54.3) | 9% (4.9%)§ | NR | KCCQ-12¶** 36 (4–76) |
| Olsson et al 21 | Sweden | Interview | 24 | Severe aortic stenosis. | NR | 80.7 (7.4) | 15 (62.5) | NR | Class III=11 (46%); class IV=13 (54%) | NR |
| Skaar et al 23 | Norway | Interview | 10 | Severe aortic stenosis. | NR | 70–79=3; 80–89=7 |
4 (40) | Logistic EuroSCORE <10=2; 10–20=7; >20=1 | Class I=1 (10%); class II=7 (70%); class III=2 (20%) | SPPB fit=3; intermediate=6; frail=1 |
| Lauck et al 27 | Canada | Interview | 15 | Severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. | Undergone cardiac surgery (unspecified)=6 | 86 (75–92)†† | 9 (60) | 6.4% (2.6%–16.3%) | Class II=11 (73%), others not specified | All but one participant were able to complete all activities of daily living. |
| Ontario Health Technology Assessment Series22 | Canada | Interview | 10 | Aortic stenosis. | Undergone TAVI=9, undergone SAVR=1 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Frank et al/Styra et al 20 35 | Canada | Interview | 333 | Patients with aortic stenosis considering treatment options. | None | 80.5 (52–97)†† | 181 (54.5) | NR | NR | NR |
*NYHA class I=no symptoms and no limitation in ordinary physical activity; class II=mild symptoms and slight limitation during ordinary activity; class III=marked limitation in activity due to symptoms, even during less than ordinary activity, comfortable only at rest; class IV=severe limitations, experiences symptoms even while at rest, mostly bedbound patients.
†Baseline variables reported for 219 participants, but outcome data are for 109–132 participants (ie, not all participants were asked about all outcomes).
‡NYHA classification only reported for 86 of 439 participants. Class III and IV grouped together but only 2% were class IV.
§Mean, SD.
¶Maximum score=100.
**Median, range.
††Mean, range.
KCCQ-12, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; NR, not reported; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SAVR, surgical aortic valve replacement; SF-36, Short-Form 36; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve insertion.