Appendix Table A2.
First Names by Mother’s Race and Mother’s Education.
| New York State Birth Record Dataa |
Survey Experiment Datab |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Racec | Name | % White | % Black | % Asian | % ≤ High School Degree |
% ≥ Some College |
Accurate ID with Racialized Last Named |
Immigrant Generational Statuse |
| W | Brenda | 80.1 | 8.9 | 4.4 | 85.8 | 14.2 | 90.5% | USI 87.0% |
| W | Heidi | 85.2 | 2.9 | 5.2 | 54.5 | 45.5 | 94.7% | USI 84.7% |
| W | Joan | 65.6 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 64.2 | 35.8 | 91.2% | USI 89.2% |
| W | Melany | 74.3 | 9.7 | .2 | 86.7 | 13.3 | 88.5% | USI 84.8% |
| B | Ebony | 22.2 | 76.4 | .0 | 71.3 | 28.7 | 92.9% | USI 85.6% |
| B | Tyra | 21.4 | 76.3 | .8 | 62.0 | 38.0 | 90.9% | USI 84.7% |
| B | Shanice | 12.0 | 85.9 | .7 | 75.1 | 24.9 | 91.7% | USI 86.I% |
| B | Unique | 17.2 | 80.4 | .2 | 85.3 | 14.7 | 90.0% | USI 78.9% |
| L | Jimena | 73.7 | .4 | .0 | 87.4 | 12.6 | 97.2% | IM3 34.4% |
| L | Alejandra | 82.4 | 5.7 | .1 | 70.4 | 29.6 | 97.1% | IM3 36.6% |
| L | Camila | 71.0 | 8.5 | .4 | 55.2 | 44.8 | 96.0% | IM3 22.2% |
| L | Esmeralda | 77.3 | 10.0 | .1 | 87.6 | 12.4 | 97.5% | IM3 35.I% |
| I | Anjali | 18.0 | 14.9 | 58.5 | 26.8 | 73.2 | 84.7% | IM3 53.I% |
| I | Neha | 5.2 | .9 | 90.1 | 22.7 | 77.3 | 84.7% | IM3 57.8% |
| I | Riya | 4.3 | 3.9 | 90.2 | 14.4 | 85.6 | 68.7% | IM3 43.9% |
| C | Mei | 6.7 | 1.0 | 91.4 | 74.5 | 25.5 | 88.6% | IM3 59.4% |
| C | Jia | 4.3 | 5.7 | 88.3 | 81.5 | 18.5 | 87.1% | IM3 53.1% |
| C | Jian | 19.8 | 8.6 | 65.4 | 77.6 | 22.4 | 90.0% | IM3 56.2% |
| 2+ H | Wendy | 61.6 | 4.1 | 29.8 | 90.1 | 9.9 | 65.5% | US2 52.4% |
| 2+ H | Hillary | 58.3 | 20.3 | 13.9 | 61.9 | 38.1 | 64.2% | US2 43.4% |
| 2+ H | Erica | 73.6 | 13.9 | 10.2 | 52.3 | 47.7 | 69.3% | US2 56.2% |
| 2+ H | Melissa | 80.0 | 10.5 | 4.0 | 56.8 | 43.2 | 70.8% | US2 50.1% |
| 2+ I | Sarah | 83.7 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 34.9 | 65.1 | 76.8% | US2 57.5% |
| 2+ I | Lesly | 79.4 | 8.7 | .0 | 90.2 | 9.8 | 61.1% | US2 42.1% |
| 2+ I | Mindy | 88.7 | 2.1 | 8.3 | 78.0 | 22.0 | 62.1% | US2 52.2% |
| 2+ C | Michelle | 69.5 | 7.4 | 16.5 | 59.7 | 40.3 | 82.3% | US2 59.4% |
| 2+ C | Winnie | 2.2 | 3.1 | 94.1 | 87.8 | 12.2 | 84.4% | US2 59.4% |
| 2+ C | Jenny | 32.6 | 5.0 | 59.2 | 84.6 | 15.4 | 84.9% | US2 62.4% |
Authors’ calculations from New York State Department of Health birth records, 1994–2012.
Source: Gaddis (2017a, 2017b, 2019a).
Race is based on our categorization in the present article (W = White, B = Black, H = 1-1.5-generation Hispanic, I = 1-1.5-generation Indian, C = 1-1.5-generation Chinese, 2+ L = 2+-generation Hispanic, 2+ I = 2+-generation Indian, and 2+ C = 2+-generation Chinese).
The percentage of respondents who correctly classified the name with the race listed in the first column when also given a racialized matching last name. For 2+-generation Asian (Indian and Chinese) names, the figure represents the percentage of responses that classified that full name (e.g., Michelle Huang) as any type of Asian. All 2+-generation Asian names except Mindy Patil were identified by fewer than 20 percent as White. Mindy Patil was identified as White in 30.1 percent of responses.
US1 = the percentage of respondents who classified the name as belonging to an individual who was born in the United States and whose parents were born in the United States; US2 = the percentage of respondents who classified the name as belonging to an individual who was born in the United States and whose parents were not born in the United States; IM3 = the percentage of respondents who classified the name as belonging to an individual who was not born in the United States and whose parents were not born in the United States.