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. 2021 Aug 4;9:e11918. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11918

Table 7. Physicochemical parameters of breast and leg muscles from broiler chicken.

Parameter2
n=10 per group 		Group1 SEM p- value F-value R2(adj.)
1 2 3 4 5
Breast muscles
pH45 6.19ab 6.42a 6.21ab 6.16b 6.19ab 0.03 0.016 3.41 0.16
pH24 5.89 6.00 5.96 5.95 5.96 0.02 0.371 1.09 0.09
Colour
L* 50.50 49.46 48.07 49.39 50.85 0.43 0.271 1.34 0.03
a* 2.96 2.74 3.45 3.02 2.50 0.19 0.730 0.51 0.04
b* 2.62 3.77 3.09 4.44 3.03 0.29 0.299 1.26 0.02
Water-holding capacity (%) 34.89 32.01 34.38 34.80 34.70 0.37 0.061 2.43 0.10
Drip loss (%) 1.39 0.91 0.97 0.73 0.90 0.07 0.051 2.59 0.12
Protein (%) 22.37b 22.00d 22.86a 22.15c 22.35b 0.04 < 0.001 2.97 0.97
Collagen (%) 0.74ab 0.85a 0.64b 0.73ab 0.81ab 0.02 0.007 0.09 0.20
Salt (%) 0.25 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.01 0.547 0.02 0.06
Intramuscular fat (%) 2.38a 1.90b 2.27ab 2.25ab 2.54a 0.05 < 0.001 0.08 0.32
Water (%) 74.70c 75.62a 74.36d 75.40b 74.62c 0.07 < 0.001 3.92 0.98
Leg muscles
Colour
L* 51.21 46.42 46.79 46.89 47.35 0.63 0.092 2.14 0.08
a* 7.75 8.02 8.04 8.93 7.41 0.45 0.876 0.30 0.03
b* 5.47 5.27 5.23 4.05 5.19 0.29 0.575 0.73 0.06
Water-holding capacity (%) 35.66ab 34.24ab 33.67ab 33.47b 40.67a 0.78 0.012 3.61 0.18
Protein (%) 18.78d 19.35c 20.10a 19.61b 18.79d 0.07 < 0.001 0.29 0.98
Collagen (%) 1.26a 1.14ab 1.03b 1.10b 1.11ab 0.02 < 0.001 7.71 0.30
Salt (%) 0.48a 0.32b 0.31b 0.36b 0.31b 0.01 < 0.001 18.16 0.58
Intramuscular fat (%) 5.79c 6.53b 4.34e 5.12d 6.71a 0.13 < 0.001 0.22 0.99
Water (%) 74.17c 73.22e 74.84a 74.60b 73.41d 0.09 < 0.001 726.73 0.98

Notes.

a, b, c, d, means in the same line with no common superscript differ between groups (p < 0.05); SEM, standard error of the mean; R2(adj.), adjusted coefficient of determination.

1

1, no addition of aluminosilicates to feed and litter; 2, 0.95 kg/m 2 of halloysite in litter; 3, 0.475 kg/m2 of halloysite and 0.475 kg/m2 of zeolite in litter; 4, 0.95 kg/m2 of zeolite in litter; 5, 0.25 kg/m2 of halloysite and 0.7 kg/m2 of zeolite in litter; groups 2–4, addition of halloysite and zeolite in feed (proportion 25:75; starter, 0.5%; grower 1, 1%; grower 2, 1.5%; finisher, 2%).

2

L*, lightness; a*, redness; b*, yellowness.