Table 2.
Background characteristics of participants
| Characteristic | Number | Sample percentage | Population percentage | p-value of differencea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 500 | 49.5 | 49.4 | 0.977 |
| Female | 510 | 50.5 | 50.6 | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–29 | 163 | 16.1 | 15.9 | 0.862 |
| 30–39 | 184 | 18.2 | 18.4 | 0.870 |
| 40–49 | 216 | 21.4 | 21.6 | 0.877 |
| 50–59 | 192 | 19.0 | 18.9 | 0.935 |
| 60–69 | 143 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 1.000 |
| 70–80 | 112 | 11.1 | 11.0 | 0.919 |
| Chronic diseases | ||||
| Yes | 347 | 34.4 | 41.1 | < 0.000 |
| No | 663 | 65.6 | 58.1 | |
| Education | ||||
| Compulsory | 230 | 22.7 | 45.0 | < 0.000 |
| Higher secondary | 319 | 31.6 | 22.0 | < 0.000 |
| University | 461 | 45.7 | 33.0 | < 0.000 |
| EQ-5D-5L | ||||
| Mobility Level 1 | 809 | 80.1 | ||
| Mobility Level 2 | 141 | 14.0 | ||
| Mobility Level 3 | 41 | 4.0 | ||
| Mobility Level 4 | 15 | 1.5 | ||
| Mobility Level 5 | 4 | 0.4 | ||
| Selfcare Level 1 | 934 | 92.5 | ||
| Selfcare Level 2 | 44 | 4.3 | ||
| Selfcare Level 3 | 29 | 2.9 | ||
| Selfcare Level 4 | 2 | 0.2 | ||
| Selfcare Level 5 | 1 | 0.1 | ||
| Usual Activities Level 1 | 845 | 83.6 | ||
| Usual Activities Level 2 | 112 | 11.1 | ||
| Usual Activities Level 3 | 34 | 3.4 | ||
| Usual Activities Level 4 | 14 | 1.4 | ||
| Usual Activities Level 5 | 5 | 0.5 | ||
| Pain/Discomfort Level 1 | 564 | 55.8 | ||
| Pain/Discomfort Level 2 | 326 | 32.3 | ||
| Pain/Discomfort Level 3 | 91 | 9.0 | ||
| Pain/Discomfort Level 4 | 26 | 2.6 | ||
| Pain/Discomfort Level 5 | 3 | 0.3 | ||
| Anxiety/Depression Level 1 | 675 | 66.8 | ||
| Anxiety/Depression Level 2 | 230 | 22.8 | ||
| Anxiety/Depression Level 3 | 75 | 7.4 | ||
| Anxiety/Depression Level 4 | 23 | 2.3 | ||
| Anxiety/Depression Level 5 | 7 | 0.7 | ||
| Kessler K-10 score, mean (SD) | 20.1 | (7.5) |
Age and gender population percentages were obtained from the 2017 United Nations Statistics division [36]; Person reporting a chronic disease percentages were obtained from 2014 Eurostat data [34]; Population percentages for education levels were obtained from the OECD 2014 Education at a glance [35]
aOne sample test of proportions. H0: Statistically significant difference in proportions
SD standard deviation