Abstract
Three series of seroepidemiological studies by microneutralization test on activity by serotypes 1, 2 and 3 of bovine adenovirus were carried out at two calf rearing farms. One farm (A) was operated as a closed, and the other (B) as an open herd. At farm A two serial studies were made, covering periods of six and nine months and including groups of 44 and 41 even-aged bull calves, respectively; at farm Β at each bleeding calves of different selected age groups were included, 36 in all.
Maternal antibodies against all three types were common. With few exceptions they had disappeared at the age of five months. At farm B, unexpectedly, in view of the open herd nature, no signs of active infection were revealed during the period of study. At farm A infection by type 3 was judged to be present during both studies, though demonstrably affecting a lesser part of the study population only; infections by types 1 and 2 definitely occurred only during the second study, and then extensively. The titers of type 1 and 2 antibodies were, on the average, higher (with highest titers 1/243 and 1/729, respectively) than those of type 3 (highest titer 1/27). The spread of infection within the groups was relatively slow. A possible causative participation of type 2 virus in a smaller epidemic of mild respiratory and enteric disease at farm A was suggested but not verified by the results. Maternal antibodies did not seem to give effective protection against infection.
Keywords: seroepidemiology, bovine adenovirus, serotypes, maternal antibodies, microneutralization test, infection versus disease
Sammanfattning
Tre serier av seroepidemiologiska undersökningar över förekom- sten av adenovirusinfektion av typerna 1, 2 och 3 vid två kalvuppföd- ningstationer utfördes med mikroneutralisationstest. Den ena gården (A) drevs som en sluten, den andra (B) som en öppen besättning. På gård A utfördes successiva undersökningar som varade respektive 6 och 9 månader och omfattade 44 och 41 jämnåriga tjurkalvar; vid provtagningarna inrymdes på gård B kalvar av på förhand bestämda åldersgrupper, inalles 36.
Maternala antikroppar mot alla tre typer av virus var allmänt förekommande. Med få undantag var de försvunna vid 5 månaders ålder. På gård B upptäcktes, trots typen av öppen besättning, inga tecken på aktiv infektion. Vid båda undersökningarna på gård A an- sågs infektion av typ 3, som omfattade endast en mindre del av kalv- populationen, ha förekommit. Infektioner förorsakade av typerna 1 och 2 förekom med såkerhet endast under den senare undersöknings- perioden och då vidsträckt. Titrarna av antikroppar mot typ 1 och 2 var i medeltal högre (med respektive 1/243 och 1/729 som högsta) ån titrarna mot typ 3 (högsta titern 1/27). Spridningen av Infektionen inom grupperna var relativt långsam. Resultaten antydde, men be- kräftade inte, att typ 2 virus på gård A kunde ha deltagit i orsakandet av en mindre epidemi som kännetecknades av lindriga respiratoriska och intestinala symptom. Maternala antikroppar såg inte ut att kunna inbringa ett effektivt försvar mot infektionerna i fråga.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are indebted to Dr. Saara Reinius for a substantial contribution in the arrangements of the field study.
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