Figure 1.

IFN-γ induces UPR in lung adenocarcinoma. (a) The indicated cells were treated with IFN-γ (1000 IU/mL) or untreated for 2 days. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of selected genes involved in ER stress. The expression of each gene of interest was corrected for ACTB expression. **, p < .01. (b) Immunoblots showing ATF-4 and CHOP protein expression in IFN-γ treated and untreated cells. β-actin was used as a loading control. (c) Western blot analysis showing increased expression of GRP78 in IFN-γ treated cells vs. untreated cells. (d) Immunofluorescence images of GRP78 in A549 cells treated with IFN-γ or untreated for 3 days (scale bar = 40 µm). (e) Western blot analysis for ATF-6(n) in IFN-γ treated A549 and H1975 cells vs. untreated cells. (f and g) Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in the presence or absence of anti-IFN-γ antibody for 48 h. Subsequently, the supernatants were collected and cultured with A549 and H1975 cells for 2 days. qRT-PCR was used to assess the transcription of HSPA5, sXBP1, and DDIT3 (f). Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of ATF-4 and CHOP (g)