Table 1.
List of paper evaluated
| Author (year of the pubblication) | Type of study | Population | Type | DRA definition | DRA evaluation | Prevalence of DRA | Risk factor evaluated for DRA | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Age | ||||||||
| Mota et al. (2015) [11] | Longitudinal observational study | 84 | 32.1 ± 2.2 | Primamaparus, at gestetional week 35, 6–8, 12–14 and 24–26 weeks PP | IRD > 16 mm | By US, 2 cm below the umbelicus |
100% at gestetional week 35 52.4% at 6–8 week PP 53.6% at 12–14 weeks PP 39.3% at 6 months PP |
Age, BMI before pregnancy BMI at 6 months post partum, weight gain during pregnancy, baby weight birth, abdominal circumference in late pregnancy, hypermobility, vaginal birth, regular exercise training | No risk factor for DRA at 6 months post-partum |
| Sperstad et al. (2016) [6] | Longitudinal observational study | 117 | 28.7 ± 4.3 | Nulliparous European women from 21 weeks gestation to 12 months PP | IRD > 2 fingerbreadths or observed protrusion along the linea alba | By palpation 4.5 cm above, at and 4.5 cm below the umbilicus in crunch position |
33.1% at gestation week 21, 60% at 6 weeks PP 45.5% at 6 months PP 32.6% at 12 month PP |
Age, height, mean weight before pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy, delivery mode, baby’s birth weight, benign joint hypermobility syndrome, heavy lifting, level of abdominal and pelvic floor muscle exercise training 12 months PP, general exercise training 12 months PP | No risk factor for DRA at 12 months post partum |
| Spitznagle et al.(2007) [8] | Retrospective study | 547 | 52.45 ± 16.65 | Women presenting to urogynecological medical practice | A separation in rectus abdominis muscle | By palpation, 1in.above or below the umbilicus in stress position | 52%, 35% in nulliparus | Age, race, parity, gravity, delivery type, menoapusal hormone replacement therapy, previous surgery | Risk factor for DRA: age, parity, gravity, caucasian or asian race, menopausal hormaone replacement therapy, previous abdominal surgery |
| Turan et al. (2011) [13] | Observative study | 95 | 22.04 ± 1.29 | Nulliparus, primiparou and multiparous | IRD > 2 cm | By palpation, 3–4 cm above the umbilicus | 0% in nulliparous, 2% in primiparous 59% in pluriparous | Parity type of delivery | Risk factor for DRA: parity, delivery type for those that gave birth twice |
| Wu (2020) [14] | Observative study | 644 | 58 | Women who had received a CT scan | < 45 years: IRD > 1.0 cm above the umbilicus, 2.7 cm at the periumbilicus, 0.9 cm below the umbilicus > 45 years: IRD > 1.5 cm above the umbilicus, 2.7 cm at the umbilicus, 1.4 cm below the umbilicus | By CT | 28.40% | Age, BMI, chronich cough, chronic constipation, diabetes, parity | Risk factor for DRA: BMI, diabetes, parity |
| McPhail [16] | Observative study | 42 |
73.2 in AAA group 70.8 in PAD group |
Men referring to a vascular practice for AAA or PAD | A visible midline bulge through the linea above the umbilicus in stress position | Phisical examination |
66.7% in AAA group 16.7% in PAD group |
NA | Prevalence of DRA is different between the two group |
| Gitta et al. [32] | Article in Hungarian | ||||||||
| Rett et al. [33] | Article in Portuguese | ||||||||
| Wang et al. [35] | Full text NA | ||||||||
| Candido et al. [34] | Full text NA | ||||||||
| Champion [37] | Full text NA | ||||||||
| Doubkova [36] | Full text NA | ||||||||
| Zhou [38] | Full text NA | ||||||||
IRD inter recti distance, DRA diastasis rectus abdominis, NA not available, AAA abdominal aortuc aneu;rysm, PAD peripheral arterial occlusive disease, BMI body mass index, CT computer tomography, US ultrasound, PP post partum