Table 2.
Anxiety, pain, PS, and time of dental procedure in both groups
| VRa (n = 60) | TSDb (n = 60) | p-value | VR (n = 55) | TSD (n = 49) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anxiety | ||||||
| CFSS-DSc | ||||||
| Pre-intervention (T0) | 34.17 ± 5.81 | 34.08 ± 8.42 | 0.95 | 33.15 ± 4.82 | 31.45 ± 5.97 | 0.11 |
| Post-intervention (T3) | 24.77 ± 6.98 | 27.98 ± 7.41 | 0.02* | 23.34 ± 5.23 | 25.43 ± 5.20 | < 0.05* |
| Downtrend (T0-T3) | 8 (7, 11) | 5 (5, 7) | < 0.001* | 8 (7, 12) | 5 (5, 7) | < 0.001* |
| FBRSd | ||||||
| T1 | 2 (2, 3) | 2 (2, 3) | 0.26 | 2 (2, 3) | 2 (2, 3) | 0.12 |
| T2 | 3 (3, 4) | 3 (2, 3) | 0.02* | 3 (3, 4) | 3 (3, 3) | 0.11 |
| Pain | ||||||
| WBFSe | ||||||
| T2 (observed) | 1.58 ± 1.08 | 2.86 ± 0.96 | < 0.001* | |||
| T3 (observed) | 1.62 ± 1.13 | 3.59 ± 1.19 | < 0.001* | |||
| PSf(T3, score 0–100) | 88.33 ± 7.15 | 76.78 ± 8.49 | < 0.001* | |||
| Length of dental procedure (m) | ||||||
| T1 to T3 | 19.02 ± 5.32 | 27.80 ± 10.40 | < 0.001* | |||
| Caries treatment | 19 (16, 22) | 30 (25, 30) | < 0.001* | |||
| Extraction of deciduous teeth | 14.75 ± 2.77 | 19.93 ± 9.01 | 0.07 | |||
| Incision of abscess | 22.40 ± 3.89 | 26.09 ± 6.80 | 0.15 | |||
| Root canal therapy | 23.57 ± 4.39 | 42.43 ± 8.40 | < 0.001* | |||
aVR virtual reality group
bTSD tell-show-do group
cCFSS-DS Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale
dFBRS Frankl Behavior Rating Scale
eWBFS Wong Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale
fPS Patient satisfaction
T0, signature of informed consent statement; T1, before intervention; T2, the moment of local anesthetic injection; T3, the end of treatment
*p-value < 0.05 statistically significant