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. 2021 Jul 16;64(9):2052–2060. doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05492-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Comparison of GADA levels between RBA and ECL assay in the (a) Action LADA study (n = 771) and (b) DiYA study (n = 2063). The solid dots represent individuals positive for IA-2A and/or ZnT8A and the open dots negative for IA-2A and ZnT8A. The dotted lines indicate assay cut-offs. RBA-GADA was tested at the Blizard Institute laboratory, London, for the Action LADA study, with a cut-off value of 68 (index), and at the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes laboratory, USA, for the DiYA study, with a cut-off value of 20 (DK units). The ECL-GADA assay was performed at the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes for both Action LADA and DiYA studies, with a cut-off value of 0.023 (index)