Table 3.
Comparison of frequencies of T and B lymphocyte functional subsets between groups.
| Mild (n = 73) | Moderate–Severe (n = 82) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| T helper subsets (CD4+) | |||
| CD4+CD27+CD28+ | 86.7 (73.9–93.9) | 87.1 (75.2–93.6) | NS (0.782) |
| CD4+CD27−CD28+ | 4.8 (3.1–8.1) | 4.3 (2.5–7.2) | NS (0.695) |
| CD4+CD27+CD28− | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) | 0.8 (0.3–1.2) | NS (0.724) |
| CD4+CD27−CD28− | 6.5 (1.0–16.8) | 6.7 (2.0–13.6) | NS (0.927) |
| CD4+CXCR3+CCR6− (Th1) | 23.9 (18.3–34.8) | 20.1 (15.3–30.0) | 0.057 |
| CD4+CXCR3+ (Th1/Th17) | 12.6 (8.7–16.0) | 9.6 (7.1–14.0) | 0.039 |
| CD4+CXCR3−CCR6+ (Th17) | 12.3 ± 5.0 | 12.4 ± 5.2 | NS (0.907) |
| CD4+CD45RO+ (Memory Th) | 62.8 (50.4–71.9) | 58.1 (40.2–72.0) | NS (0.064) |
| CD4+CD45RO−CD62L+ (Naïve) | 19.7 (12.7–29.3) | 18.5 (9.9–31.3) | NS (0.290) |
| CD4+CD45RO+CD62L+ (TCM) | 46.4 ± 13.9 | 48.3 ± 15.8 | NS (0.234) |
| CD4+CD45RO+CD62L− (TEM) | 24.5 (17.8–38.5) | 21.3(11.5–42.8) | NS (0.252) |
| CD4+CD45RO−CD62L− (TEMRA) | 1.4 (0.5–3.8) | 1.3 (0.6–3.9) | NS (0.957) |
| CD4+CD45RO+CXCR3+CCR6−(Memory Th1) | 32.2 (26.9–44.4) | 28.7 (24.0–38.0) | NS (0.030) |
| CD4+CD45RO+CXCR3+ (Memory Th1/Th17) | 19.4 (16.1–25.2) | 23.2 (17.5–26.0) | NS (0.137) |
| CD4+CD45RO+CXCR3−CCR6+ (Memory Th17) | 21.1 ± 8.7 | 18.5 ± 7.9 | NS (0.098) |
| CD4+CXCR3−CCR6−CD294+ (Th2) | 1.0 (0.7–1.7) | 0.8 (0.4–1.3) | NS (0.830) |
| CD4+CD45RO+CXCR5+PD1+ (Tfh) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 0.3 (0.1–0.5) | NS (0.153) |
| CD4+CD127−CD25+ (Tregs) | 6.4 (5.5–7.5) | 5.7 (4.3–7.2) | NS (0.063) |
| T cytotoxic subsets (CD8+) | |||
| CD8+CD27+CD28+ | 57.1 (31.4–71.1) | 37.6 (21.5–53.2) | 0.004 |
| CD8+CD27−CD28+ | 2.1 (1.2–3.7) | 2.2 (1.1–3.7) | NS (0.580) |
| CD8+CD27+CD28− | 10.2 (7.4–16.2) | 12.0 (6.5–19.0) | NS (0.219) |
| CD8+CD27−CD28− | 27.7 (15.8–53.1) | 44.5 (24.4–63.2) | 0.019 |
| CD8+CXCR3+ (Tc1/Tc17) | 4.9 (3.2–9.5) | 3.0 (1.8–4.6) | 0.0003 |
| CD8+CD45RO+ (Memory Tc) | 42.9 (34.9–57.7) | 42.2 (35.2–57.6) | NS (0.749) |
| CD8+CD45RO−CD62L+ (Naïve) | 25.9 (14.8–40.8) | 19.2 (10.3–28.8) | 0.026 |
| CD8+CD45RO+CD62L+ (TCM) | 15.0 (10.0–19.2) | 14.1 (8.8–21.7) | NS (0.942) |
| CD8+CD45RO+CD62L− (TEM) | 30.9 (23.9–38.7) | 31.6 (22.6–44.6) | NS (0.780) |
| CD8+CD45RO−CD62L− (TEMRA) | 21.0 (11.8–34.4) | 26.1 (14.3–38.1) | NS (0.125) |
| CD8+CD45RO+CXCR3+ (Memory Tc1/Tc17) | 2.5 (1.4–6.6) | 2.8 (1.2–5.1) | 0.0002 |
| CD8+DR+CD38+ | 11.2 (5.3–20.5) | 13.8 (8.8–25.6) | 0.028 |
| B lymphocytes | |||
| B naïve (CD27−IgD+) | 65.3 (47.8–75.5) | 63.8 (48.3–75.0) | NS (0.656) |
| B unswitched (CD27+IgD+) | 15.4 (9.0–23.4) | 11.5 (8.3–21.5) | NS (0.196) |
| B switched (CD27+IgD−) | 15.9 (8.5–24.1) | 17.0 (9.8–25.5) | NS (0.478) |
| Plasmablasts (CD19+ CD20lowCD27hi CD38hi) | 1.9 (0.8–5.8) | 5.3 (1.6–9.7) | 0.002 |
Abbreviations: Th: helper T cell; TCM: central memory T cells; TEM: effector memory T cells; TEMRA: terminally differentiated T cells; Tregs: regulatory T cells; Tc: cytotoxic T cells; Tfh: T follicular helper cells; NS: not significant. For parametric and non-parametric variables, mean ± SD and median (interquartile range) are shown. For comparison, T-Student and U-Mann–Whitney tests, respectively, were used.