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. 2021 Aug 27;203:564–574. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.08.007

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Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Fig. 1 — The schematic diagram for the construction of COVID-19-Human PPIN. A. Formation of SARS-CoV PPIN (Red nodes) B. Formation of Human PPIN C. Spreader nodes identification in SARS-CoV-Human PPIN which is formed by the application of spreadability index and SIS model (Blue nodes represent SARS-CoV spreaders, while yellow and green denote level-1 and level-2 human spreaders) D. UniProt collected n-CoV proteins along with level-1 and level-2 human spreader nodes in SARS-CoV-Human PPIN are provided as an input to fuzzy thresholding E. SARS-CoV2, and level-1 Human spreaders are identified based on Fuzzy score (Red nodes represent SARS-CoV2 spreaders, while yellow denote level-1 human spreaders) F. Level-2 Human spreaders are identified by the application of the SIS model (Green nodes represent level-2 human spreaders) G. SARS-CoV-Human PPIN and SARS-CoV2-Human PPIN have a significant overlap owing to its genetic similarity. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)