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. 2021 Jul 31;11(8):1129. doi: 10.3390/biom11081129

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The signaling pathways involved in the regulation of SuSCs, including Wnt (Wnt/β-catenin), FGF (Fibroblast growth factor), BMP (Bone morphogenetic protein), Hh (Hedgehog) signaling pathways. IHH, Indian hedgehog; RANKL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand; BMPR1A, Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A; FGFR, Fibroblast growth factor receptor; FZD, Frizzled; LRP5/6, Low-density lipoprotein-related receptors 5/6; DVL, Dishevelled; GSK-3B, Glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta; PTCH1, Patched 1; SMO, Smoothened; SUFU, Suppressor of fused; KIF7, Kinesin family member 7; TCF/LEF, T-cell factor/Lymphoid-enhancer factor; RUNX2, Runt-related transcription factor 2; MSX1/2, Msh homeobox 1/2; HHIP, Hedgehog interacting protein.