Table 3.
KSHV employs multiple strategies to escape the innate immune response.
| Herpesvirus | Viral Protein | Host Cell Target |
|---|---|---|
| KSHV | ORF64 | Attenuates IFN signaling via disruption of RIG-I ubiquitination |
| ORF45 | Suppresses IRF7 activity & prevents its nuclear accumulation | |
| ORF63 | Inhibits NLRP1-depended functions, including degradation of IL-1β & IL-18 | |
| ORF52 | Binding cGAS & DNA to prevent signaling to STING and TBK1 | |
| LANA | Interacts with cGAS, preventing TBK1-IRF3 activation | |
| Binds the IFNβ promoter to limit transcription | ||
| vIRF1 | Inhibits TLR3-mediated type I IFN induction | |
| Downregulates TLR4 | ||
| Disrupts TBK1’s interaction with STING to abrogate its activation | ||
| Antagonizes the ISG15-mediated type I response | ||
| vIRF2 | Inhibits TLR3-mediated type I IFN induction | |
| vIRF3 | Inhibits TLR3-mediated type I IFN induction | |
| vIRF4 | Interacts with IRF7 to prevent downstream IFNα production | |
| Targets cellular IRF4 | ||
| vGPCR | Downregulates TLR4 | |
| RTA | Attenuates TLR3 & TLR4 | |
| Targets IRF7 for degradation | ||
| ORF20 | Interacts with OASL | |
| Upregulates OASL | ||
| RIF | Abrogates IFN signaling via JAK-STAT regulation | |
| K5 | Antagonizes tetherin |