Table A1.
Characteristics of studies included in the review.
| Study ID | Country | N | Setting (O or I) | Product | Message Type | Certification Label | Format (T or L) | Age (% < 35–40) |
Gender (%F) | Income (% below National Average) | Education (% Tertiary) | Price Premium Estimates (Currency/Unit of Measurement) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aizaki, 2013 [38] | Japan | 624 | O | Milk | Sustainable | P (GAP) | T | 47.8 | 72.4 | NR | NR | “Simple explanation” condition (JP¥/l): 16.2; 17.6; 13.1; 12.7 “Detailed explanation” (JP¥/l): 34.7; 19.6; 13.8; 9.7 |
| Akaichi, 2016 [39] | Scotland, France, Netherlands | S: 100, F: 95, N: 52 | I | Bananas | Organic; CO2 | P (Organic—Soil Association) | Both | S: 28; N: 25; F: 46 | S: 73; N: 75; F: 65 | S: 39; N: 38; F: 38 | S: 83; N: 75; F: 83 | Organic (€/banana): S: 0.08; N: 0.09; F: 0.13; CO2 (€/banana): S: 0.09; N: 0.12; F: 0.12 |
| Anakamah-Yeboa, 2018 [40] | Germany | 610 | O | Trout | Organic; sustainable | P (Organic—EU); P (Sustainable—ASC) | Both | 33.61 |
60.33 | 34.59 | 28.2 | Organic: 4.54 €/kg Sustainable: 10.03 €/kg |
| Banovic, 2019 [41] | France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK | F: 314; G: 318; I: 337; S: 313; UK: 316 | O | Aquaculture product (fresh/chilled, smoked, canned) |
Sustainable | P (Sustainable—ASC) | L | F: 49.7; G: 49.1; I: 50.1; S: 50.2; UK: 49.7 | F: 50; G: 50.3; I: 48.1; S: 49.2; UK: 50.3 | F: 20.7; G: 23.3; I: 22.3; S: 15.7; UK: 21.5 | F: 49.4; G: 44.3; I: 43; S: 55; UK: 48.4 |
Fresh/chilled (€/300 g.): F: 0.27; G: 0.8. I: 0.44. S: 0.3; UK: 0.30 Smoked (€/300 g.): F: 0.16; G: 0.39; I: 0.16; S: 0.25; UK: 0.37 Canned (€/300 g.): F: 0.25; G: 0.71; I: 0.16; S: 0.48; UK: 0.43 |
| Bienenfeld, 2014 [42] | USA | 2382 | O | Cereal | Organic; Sustainable; Mixed | P (Organic-USDA) | Both | NR | NR | 24 | 38.6 | Organic ($/package): 2.76; 2.23; 2.06; 1.56; 2.53; 1.76 Sustainable ($/package): 1.74; 1.55 Mixed ($/package): 2.15; 2.51; 2.03; 2.08; 1.56; 1.59; 1.5; 1.72 |
| Bronnmann, 2018 [15] (additional data was extracted from Bronnmann et al., 2017) | Germany | 485 | I | Fresh/frozen Turbot fillet Fresh/frozen Salmon fillet |
Sustainable | P (MSC; ASC) | L | 39 | 58 | 30 | 62 | Product: Turbot Uninformed consumers (€/250 g.): ASC: 0.68; MSC: 4.99 Informed consumers (€/250 g.): ASC: −4.02, MSC: 8.38 Product: Salmon Uninformed consumers (€/250 g.): ASC: 3.71; MSC: 2.74 Informed consumers (€/250 g.): ASC: 4.6, MSC: 4.29 |
| Caputo, 2018 [43] | Belgium | 257 | O | Chicken breast | Organic; Sustainable (20% reduction CO2; 30% reduction CO2) | P (Organic-EU; local private) | T (CO2); L (organic) | 39 | 63 | 11 | 33 | Organic—EU (€/kg): 9.63 Organic—local private (€/kg): 7.82 20% reduction (€/kg): 1.16 30% reduction (€/kg): 3.66 |
| Carlucci, 2017 [44] | Italy | 800 | O | Oysters | Organic | A | T | NR | 55.4 | 32.5 | 30.4 | 12.84 (€/half dozen) |
| Chen, 2015 [45] | France | 194 | I | Cod, salmon, monkfish, pangasius | Organic; sustainable | P (Organic-AB); P (sustainable-MSC) | L | NR | NR | NR | NR | AB: 1.84 €/kg MSC: 0.80 €/kg |
| De-Magistris, 2016 [16] | Spain | 171 | I | Almonds | Organic | P (EU) | Both | 26.4 | 51.9 | 28 | 37.3 | Consumers segments (€/100 g.): Segment 1: 0.27 Segment 2: 0.85 Segment 3: 1.22 |
| Fernandez-Polanco, 2013 [17] | Spain | 196 | I | Seabream | Sustainable | A | T | NR | 78 | NR | NR | Consumers segment (€/kg): 4.98 Retailers segment (€/kg): 3.04 |
| Fonner, 2015 [46] | USA | 378 | I | Salmon; crab | Sustainable | A | T | NR | 59 | 13 | 73 | Crab ($/lb): 1.88 Salmon ($/lb): 3.23 |
| Gerrard, 2013 [18] | UK | 410 | I | Apples; eggs | Organic | P (EU, Soil Association logo, OF&G logo) | L |
NR | 70 | NR | NR | Apples (£/NR) EU logo: 0.24 Soil Association logo: 1.01 OF&G logo: 1.08 Eggs (£/) EU logo: NR Soil Association logo: 0.98 OF&G logo: 1.12 |
| Grebitus, 2016 [19] | Canada & Germany | C: 1551; G: 1579 | O | Ground beef; yogurt; potatoes | Sustainable (CO2 impact; water usage) | A | T | NR | 52 | NR | 30 | Ground beef (Canadian$/kg) Canada: −0.11 (CO2) Canada: −0.22 (water footprint) Germany: −0.23 (CO2) Germany: −0.52 (water footprint) Potatoes (Canadian$/kg) Canada: −0.46 (CO2) Canada: −3.8 (water footprint) Germany: −1.45 (CO2) Germany: −7.79 (water footprint) Yogurt (Canadian$/750 g.) Canada: −0.66 (CO2) Canada: −1.08 (water footprint) Germany: −0.73 (CO2) Germany: −2.06 (water footprint) |
| Hearne, 2002 [30] | Costa Rica | 432 | I | Vegetables | Sustainable; Organic | P (local labels) | L | NR | 78 | NR | 65 | Sustainability: +19.8% Organic: +38.8% |
| Heng, 2016 [47] | USA | 589 | O | Eggs | Organic | P (USDA) | T | NR | 58 | 11.84 | 43 | 0.39$/dozen |
| James, 2009 [48] | USA | 1476 | I | Applesauce | Organic | P (USDA) | L | 25 | 47 | NR | 33 | Consumer segments ($/24-ounce) −0.01; −0.1; 0.31; 0.28 |
| Khai, 2015 [49] | Vietnam | 818 | I | Rice | Sustainable; Organic | A | T | NR | 52 | 3 | NR | Organic: 6511.789 VND/kg Sustainable: 3030.355 VND/kg |
| Lim, 2018 [50] | USA | 1032 | O | Canned tuna | Sustainable | P (MSC) | L | NR | 75 | NR | 39 | Segments ($/can) 0.43, 0.49, 0.7, 1.13 |
| Mamouni Limnios, 2016 [51] | Australia | 121 | O | Apples | Sustainable; Organic | A | T | NR | 77 | 8.26 | 78.52 | Consumer segments ($/kg) Organic purchasers: 0.016; −0.15; 3.47 Non-organic purchasers: −0.013; 0.57; 0.96; −0.08 |
| Liu, 2017 [52] | China | 435 | I | Rice | Organic; Sustainable | P (local labels) | Both | 41.61 | 63.22 | 69.43 | NR | Organic (RMB¥/500 g): 2.96 Sustainable: (RMB¥/500 g): 2.35 |
| Lombardi, 2017 [20] | Italy | 39 | I | Milk | Organic; Sustainable (reduction CO2) | P (Organic – EU) | Both | NR | 60 | NR | NR | Organic (€/l): 0.57 Sustainable (€/l): 0.56 |
| Mondelaers, 2009 [18] | Belgium | 529 | I | Carrots | Organic; Sustainable (reduction in residues) | A | T (Organic); Both (Sustainable) | NR | NR | NR | 59.9 | Organic (€/kg): 0.54 Sustainable (€/kg): 0.125 |
| Olesen, 2010 [53] | Norway | 115 | I | Salmon | Organic | A | L | NR | 58 | NR | NR | 18.89NOK/kg |
| Risius, 2017 [54] | Germany | 676 | I | Beef | Organic | P (EU) | Both | 5 | 68 | NR | NR | Consumer segments according to intervention conditions (€/200 g.) 3.18; 8.16 |
| Rousseau, 2015 [55] | Belgium | 601 | O | Chocolate | Organic | P (EU) | L | 71.3 | 58.7 | NR | NR | −0.37 (€/100 g.) |
| Rousseau, 2013 [56] | Belgium | 226 | O | Apples | Organic | A | T | NR | 62 | 14 | 78 | 0.57 (€/kg) |
| Sackett, 2016 [22] | USA | 1002 | O | Apples; steaks | Organic; Sustainable | P (Organic –USDA); P (sustainability – Private third party) | T | NR | 49 (apples); 52 (steaks) | 20.8 (apples); 19.1 (steaks) | 55.8 (apples); 33 (steaks) | Organic (USDA)—apple survey ($/lb): 0.05 Sustainable (private)—apple survey ($/lb): 0.13 Organic (USDA)—steak survey ($/lb): 0.61 Sustainable (private)—steak survey ($/lb): 0.9 |
| Sakagami, 2006 [57] | Japan | 698 | I | Spinach | Organic | P (government and private labels) | Both | 22.6 | 82 | NR | NR | Government labels (JP¥/NR): 22; 28.7 Private label (JP¥/NR): 19.1 |
| Tait, 2016 [31] | Japan; UK | 3624 (Japan); 3540 (UK) |
O | Fruits | Sustainable (different levels of CO2 emissions reduction; different levels of water efficiency) | A | T; Both | NR | NR | NR | NR | Interventions’ segments by country (increase in %) Carbon—text-only—UK: 39 Carbon—text plus graphic—UK: 35 Carbon—compass—UK: 29 Water—text-only—UK: 17 Water—text-plus graphic—UK: 21 Water—compass—UK: 15 Carbon—text-only—Japan: 35 Carbon—text plus graphic—Japan: 23 Carbon—compass—Japan: 21 Water—text-only—Japan: 21 Water—text-plus graphic—Japan: 7 Water—compass—Japan: 7 |
| Tait, 2016 [32] | China; India; UK | C: 686; I: 695; UK: 686 | O | Lamb | Gas emissions; Water management; Biodiversity | P (outlined as “certified agency”) | T | C: 13; I: 22; UK: 29 | C: 44; I: 71; UK: 50 | NR | C: 27; I: 89; UK: 38 | Interventions’ segments by country (increase in %) Water (C): 7 Gas emissions (C): 8 Biodiversity (C): 5 Water (I): 21 Gas emissions (I): 28 Biodiversity (I): 26 Water (UK): 6 Gas emissions (UK): 6 Biodiversity (UK): 4 |
| Uchida, 2014 [58] | Japan | 3,370 | O | Salmon | Sustainable | A | Both | NR | 72 | 36.5 | 44.1 | 89 (JP¥/NR) |
| Van Loo, 2011 [59] | USA | 976 | O | Chicken breast | Organic | P(USDA); A | L; T | 45.9 | 73.05 | 45.29 | 54.05 | Per condition ($/lb) Organic (USDA): 3.54 Organic (no certification): 1.19 |
| Van Osch, 2017 [60] | Ireland | 500 | O | Salmon | Sustainable | A | Both | NR | 56 | 68 | 45 | Intervention segments (€/kg) Sustainable A (−30% environmental pressure): 9.26 Sustainable B (−20% environmental pressure): 3.65 Sustainable C (−10% environmental pressure): 1.72 |
| Wakamatsu, 2017 [61] | Japan | 2378 | O | Cod | Sustainable | P (MEL; MSC) | T | NR | 55 | 25 | 44 | Intervention segments (JP¥/NR) MEL: 56 MSC: 79 |
| Wang, 2018 [62] | China (Anhui & Jiangsu) | 369 (Anhui); 475 (Jiangsu) | I | Pork | Organic | P (governmental certifications: “Green”, “Safe”, “Organic”) | L | 30.89 (Anhui); 29.68 (Jiangsu) | 54.47 (Anhui); 57.26 (Jiangsu) | 13.01 (Anhui); 13.47 (Jiangsu) | 28.46 (Anhui); 32.84 (Jiangsu) | Intervention segments (RMB¥/500 g.) Certification 1 (“Safe food”—Anhui): 7.21 Certification 2 (“Green food”—Anhui): 17.63 Certification 3 (“Organic food”—Anhui): 18.94 Certification 1 (“Safe food”—Jiangsu): 8.1 Certification 2 (“Green food”—Jiangsu): 20.22 Certification 3 (“Organic food”—Jiangsu): 26.78 |
| Witkin, 2015 [63] | USA | 302 | O | Cod, haddock, mackerel, pollock, hake, and dogfish | Sustainable | A | Both | NR | NR | 12 | NR | Interventions’ segments ($/lb) “Best Choice”: 2.09 “Good Alternative”: −2.81 “Avoid”: −13.57 |
| Wu, 2014 [64] | China | 1254 | I | Milk (infant formula) | Organic | P (Chinese label; EU label; US label) | L | 38.04 | 64.04 | 31.02 | 33.01 | Interventions’ segments ($/400 g) Chinese label: 3.23 EU label: 5.36 US label: 10.39 |
| Xie, 2016 [33] | USA | 348 | O | Broccoli | Organic | P (USDA) | T | NR | 50.28 | 16.01 | 45.81 | Intervention segments (groups collapsed according to condition for analysis, $/lb): Treatment 1: 0.097 Treatment 2: 0.272 Treatment 3: 0.299 Treatment 4: 0.223 Control 1: 0.129 Control 2: 0.258 Control 3: 0.536 Control 4: −0.14 |
| Yue, 2015 [65] | China | 181 | I | Milk | Organic | A | T | 61.5 | 54.65 | 55.9 | 80.11 | 0.896 (RMB¥/250 g.) |
| Yin, 2018 [66] | China | 938 | I | Tomatoes | Organic | P (EU; Chinese; Green; GRS-national) | T | NR | 55.65 | 28.89 | 32.52 | Overall price (RMB¥/500 g.) Chinese: 4.23 Chinese: 2.62 Green: 0.75 GRS-national: 0.36 |
| Zanoli, 2012 [67] | Italy | 145 | I | Beef steaks | Organic | A | T | 35.9 | 53.1 | NR | 39.3 | 26.25 (€/kg) |
| Zhou, 2017 [68] | China | 949 | O | Rice | Organic | A | T | NR | 62 | NR | NR | Consumer segments (RMB¥/kg) Green label (Familiar-green group): 6.57 Organic label (Familiar-green group): 10.76 Green label (frugal group): 3.63 Organic label (frugal group): 3.786 |
Note. A: Absent; AB: French Agriculture Biologique; ASC: Aquaculture Stewardship Council; CO2: carbon dioxide; GAP: Good agricultural Practice; EU: European Union; I: in-person questionnaire/interview; JP¥: Japanese yen; L: logo; l: litre; MEL: Marine Eco-Label Japan; MSC: Marine Stewardship Council; N: sample size; NOK: Norwegian krone; NR: not-reported; O: online setting; OF&G: Organic Farmers and Growers; P: Present; RMB¥: renminbi yen; T: text; UK: United Kingdom; USDA: United States Department of Agriculture.