Table 1.
Completed, combined anticancer therapies; study started in the years 2015–2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
| Cancer | Combination Therapy Scheme | Trial Design | Clinical Stage | Median OS * (Months) | Median PFS * (Months) | ClinicalTrial.gov ID | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-small cell lung cancer stage III | Chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy |
cis-/carboplatin + vinorelbine + etoposide/pemetrexed, radiation, and Nivolumab | II stage | 38.8 | 12.7 |
NCT02434081 [23] |
[24,25] |
| Unresectable non-small cell lung cancer | Chemotherapy and radiotherapy | Vinorelbine, Cisplatin, and radiation | II stage | 35.6 | 11.5 |
NCT02709720 [26] |
[27] |
| Small cell lung cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
Paclitaxel and Pembrolizumab | II stage | 9.2 | 5.0 |
NCT02551432 [28] |
[29,30] |
| Non-small Cell Lung Cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
Carboplatin/Paclitaxel and SB8 (A proposed bevacizumab biosimilar) Carboplatin/Paclitaxel and Bevacizumab |
III stage | 14.90 15.80 |
8.5 7.9 |
NCT02754882 [31] |
[32] |
| Non-small Cell Lung Cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
Nivolumab and Ipilimumab EGFR Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab ALK Experimental: Nivolumab + Carboplatin + Pemetrexed with EGFR chemo-naive Nivolumab + Carboplatin + Pemetrexed ALK chemo-naive |
II stage | 22.3 7.6 7.75 5.9 |
1.3 0.7 4.65 2.8 |
NCT03256136 [33] |
— |
| Small cell lung cancer | Immunology and radiotherapy | Durvalumab and Tremelimumab Durvalumab and Tremelimumab and hypofractionated radiotherapy/stereotactic body radiation therapy |
II stage | 2.8 5.7 |
2.1 3.3 |
NCT02701400 [34] |
[35] |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | Target therapy and Immunotherapy |
Ensartinib and Durvalumab | I/II stage | — | — |
NCT02898116 [36] |
— |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | Surgery and immunotherapy | Cryosurgery and NK Immunotherapy | I/II stage | — | — |
NCT02843815 [37] |
[38]. |
| Lung neoplasms | Cryotherapy and target therapy | Cryotherapy and Icotinib | IV stage | — | — |
NCT02744664 [39] |
— |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
Atezolizumab and Carboplatin and Paclitaxel (APC) Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab, Carboplatin, and Paclitaxel (ABCP) Bevacizumab, Carboplatin, and Paclitaxel (BCP) |
III stage | In the ITT * population: ACP = 19.5 vs. ABCP = 19.8 vs. BCP = 14.9 | In the ITT * population: ACP = - vs. ABCP = 8.4 vs. BCP = 6.8 |
NCT02366143 [40] |
[41,42,43,44] |
| Small cell lung cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
Irinotecan and Dinutuximab | II/III stage | 6.9 | 3.5 |
NCT03098030 [45] |
[46] |
| Breast cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
Paclitaxel and Durvalumab | I/II stage | — | — | NCT02628132 [47] | — |
| Breast cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
Nab-paclitaxel and Durvalumab (MEDI4736) Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide and Durvalumab (MEDI4736) |
II stage | — | — |
NCT02685059 [48] |
[49] |
| Breast cancer | Chemotherapy and target therapy |
Eribulin and PQR309 | I/II stage | — | — |
NCT02723877 [50] |
[51] |
| Breast cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
Docetaxel and carboplatin and trastuzumab Epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel and trastuzumab |
II stage | — | — |
NCT03140553 [52] |
[53] |
| Breast cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
Cyclophosphamide and Pembrolizumab | II stage | — | — |
NCT03139851 [54] |
— |
| Breast cancer | Surgery and immunotherapy | Cryosurgery and NK immunotherapy | I/II stage | — | — |
NCT02844335 [55] |
— |
| Breast cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
Non-pegylated liposomal Doxorubicin and Trastuzumab | I stage | — | 7.2 | NCT02562378 [56] | [57,58] |
| Breast cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
Docetaxel and Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab | IV stage | — | 23.0 |
NCT02445586 [59] |
— |
| Breast cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
Eribulin and Durvalumab | I stage | — | — |
NCT03430518 [60] |
[61] |
| Breast cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
Docetaxel and Pertuzumab (Perjeta) and Trastuzumab (Herceptin) | III stage | — | 18.7 |
NCT02402712 [62] |
[63] |
| Breast cancer | Target therapy and immunotherapy |
Ibrutinib and Durvalumab | I/II stage | 4.2 | 1.7 |
NCT02403271 [64] |
[65] |
| Breast cancer | Hormone therapy and targeted therapy |
Letrozole and Palbociclib | IV stage | — | — |
NCT02679755 [66] |
— |
| Metastatic Breast Cancer | Chemotherapy and target therapy |
Paclitaxel and S81694 | I/II stage | — | — |
NCT03411161 [67] |
— |
| Breast cancer | Hormone therapy and targeted therapy |
Letrozole and Nintedanib | I stage | — | — |
NCT02619162 [68] |
[69] |
| Breast cancer | Hormone therapy and targeted therapy |
Letrozole and Ribociclib | II stage | — | — |
NCT03248427 [70] |
[71] |
| Breast Cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy and hormone therapy |
Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Nivolumab, Triptorelin, Exemestane | II stage | — | — |
NCT04659551 [72] |
— |
| Breast Cancer Bone-dominant metastatic breast cancer |
Immunotherapy and hormone therapy and radiopharmaceutical drug | Denosumab and Tamoxifen/Fulvestrant and Ra-223 dichloride | II stage | — | 7.4 or 16 (bone-dominant metastases) |
NCT02366130 [73] |
[74] |
| Estrogen receptor positive breast cancer |
Hormone therapy and targeted therapy |
Tamoxifen and TAK-228 | II stage | — | — |
NCT02988986 [75] |
[76,77] |
| Breast cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
Docetaxel and Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab | III stage | NA | 14.5 |
NCT02896855 [78] |
[79] |
| Prostate cancer | Hormone therapy and immunotherapy |
Abiraterone and TRC105 Enzalutamide and TRC105 |
II stage | — | — |
NCT03418324 [80] |
|
| Prostate cancer | Immunotherapy and surgery | huJ591 and 89Zr-J591 and radical prostatectomy | I stage | — | — |
NCT02693860 [81] |
— |
| Castration resistant prostate cancer |
Chemotherapy and cryoimmunotherapy and immunotherapy |
Cyclophosphamide and Dendritic cell-based cryoimmunotherapy and Ipilimumab | I stage | — | 5 (150 days) |
NCT02423928 [82] |
[83] |
| Prostate cancer | Hormone therapy and targeted therapy |
Enzalutamide and LY3023414 | II stage | — | 7.5 |
NCT02407054 [84] |
[85] |
| Castrate-resistant prostate cancer | Immunotherapy and radiopharmaceutical drug | Atezolizumab and Radium-223 Dichloride | I stage | 16.3 | 3.0 |
NCT02814669 [86] |
[87] |
| Prostate cancer | Hormone therapy and surgery |
Apalutamide and Radical Prostatectomy | II stage | — | — |
NCT03124433 [88] |
— |
| Prostate cancer | Hormone therapy and target therapy |
Prednisone and Apalutamide/Abiraterone Acetate and Niraparib | I stage | — | — |
NCT02924766 [89] |
[90,91] |
| Prostate carcinoma metastatic to the bone |
Hormone therapy and radiopharmaceutical drug |
Enzalutamide and Radium-223 Dichloride | II stage | — | — |
NCT02507570 [92] |
[93] |
| Prostate cancer | Hormone therapy and target therapy and radiotherapy |
Leuprolide acetate/Goserelin acetate/Degarelix, PLX3397, Radiation Therapy | I stage | — | — |
NCT02472275 [94] |
— |
| Colon cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
TAS-102 (Trifluridine/tipiracil) and Panitumumab | I/II stage | — | 5.8 |
NCT02613221 [95] |
[96,97] |
| Colorectal cancer | Chemotherapy and target therapy |
Hydroxychloroquine, Entinostat, Regorafenib | I/II stage | — | — |
NCT03215264 [98] |
— |
| Solid tumor Colorectal cancer |
Immunotherapy and target therapy |
Magrolimab and Cetuximab | I/II stage | 9.5 7.6 |
3.6 1.9 |
NCT02953782 [99] |
[100] |
| Metastatic colorectal cancer |
Chemotherapy and target therapy |
FOLFIRI and Aflibercept | II stage | 12.6 | 7.4 |
NCT02970916 [101] |
— |
| Metastatic colorectal cancer |
Chemotherapy and target therapy |
Pemetrexed and Erlotinib | II stage | 7.3 | 2.5 |
NCT02723578 [102] |
[103] |
| Metastatic colorectal cancer |
Immunotherapy and target therapy |
Spartalizumab and Regorafenib | I stage | — | — |
NCT03081494 [104] |
— |
| Metastatic colorectal cancer |
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
TAS-102 (Trifluridine/tipiracil) and Bevacizumab Capecitabine and Bevacizumab |
II stage | 18.0 16.2 |
9.2 7.8 |
NCT02743221 [105] |
[106] |
| Microsatellite stable relapsed or refractory colorectal cancer |
Immunotherapy and target therapy |
Avelumab and Tomivosertib (eFT508) | II stage | — | — |
NCT03258398 [107] |
[108] |
| Colorectal neoplasms |
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
mFOLFOX6 and BI 695502 | III stage | 19.4 | 10.5 |
NCT02776683 [109] |
— |
| Colorectal neoplasm |
Chemotherapy and target therapy |
mFOLFOX6 and Selinexor | I stage | — | — |
NCT02384850 [110] |
[111] |
| Refractory metastatic colorectal cancer |
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
TAS-102 (Trifluridine/tipiracil) and Nivolumab | II stage | — | 2.2 |
NCT02860546 [112] |
[113,114] |
| Colorectal cancer | Immunotherapy and target therapy |
Durvalumab and Pexidartinib | I stage | — | — |
NCT02777710 [115] |
— |
| Colorectal cancer | Immunotherapy and target therapy |
Atezolizumab and Cobimetinib | III stage | 8.87 | 1.91 |
NCT02788279 [116] |
[117] |
| Colorectal cancer | Immunotherapy and target therapy |
Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab and Cobimetinib | I stage |
NCT02876224 [118] |
— | ||
| Colorectal neoplasms |
Chemotherapy and target therapy |
FOLFIRI and Cetuximab | III stage | — | 11.4 |
NCT02484833 [119] |
[120,121] |
| Metastatic colorectal cancer |
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
Irinotecan and AZD1775 | I stage | — | — |
NCT02906059 [122] |
[123] |
| Metastatic colorectal cancer |
Chemotherapy and target therapy |
TAS-102 (Trifluridine/tipiracil) and Brontictuzumab | I stage | — | — |
NCT03031691 [124] |
— |
| Metastatic colorectal cancer |
Chemotherapy and target therapy |
FOLFIRI and OMP-131R10 | I stage | — | — |
NCT02482441 [125] |
— |
| Colorectal cancer | Immunotherapy and target therapy |
Pembrolizumab and AMG820 | I/II stage | 38.963 | 5.396 |
NCT02713529 [126] |
[127] |
| Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) | Local ablative therapy and immunotherapy |
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) and allogeneic γδ T cells | I/II stage | 14.5 | 11 |
NCT03180437 [128] |
[129] |
| Pancreatic neoplasms |
Local ablative therapy and immunotherapy |
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) and NK cells | I/II stage | — | — |
NCT02718859 [130] |
— |
| Metastatic pancreatic cancer |
Target therapy and Chemotherapy |
RX-3117 (Fluorocyclopentenylcytosine) and Abraxane | I/II stage | — | — |
NCT03189914 [131] |
[132] |
| Advanced/ metastasized pancreatic cancer |
Chemotherapy and target therapy |
Gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel, LED225 (Sonidegib) | I/II stage | 6.0 | — |
NCT02358161 [133] |
[134] |
| Pancreatic cancer | Chemotherapy and target therapy |
Gemcitabine and BP31510 (Ubidecarenone, USP) | I stage | — | — |
NCT02650804 [135] |
[136] |
| Pancreatic cancer | Immunotherapy and target therapy |
Pembrolizumab and Olaptesed pegol | I/II stage | — | 1.87 |
NCT03168139 [137] |
[138,139] |
| Pancreatic cancer | Immunotherapy and radiotherapy | Nivolumab and Cabiralizumab and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) | II stage | — | — |
NCT03599362 [140] |
[141] |
| Pancreatic cancer | Chemotherapy and irreversible electroporation | Gemcitabine and Irreversible electroporation (IRE) | I stage | — | — |
NCT02981719 [142] |
— |
| Pancreatic cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
FOLFOX and Pegilodecakin | III stage | 5.8 | 2.1 |
NCT02923921 [143] |
[144] |
| Pancreatic cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
nab-Paclitaxel, Gemcitabine, ALT-803 | I/II stage | — | — |
NCT02559674 [145] |
[146] |
| Metastatic pancreatic cancer |
Immunotherapy and target therapy |
Pembrolizumab and Acalabrutinib | II stage | — | 1.4 |
NCT02362048 [147] |
[148] |
| Metastatic pancreatic cancer |
Immunotherapy and target therapy |
Durvalumab and Galunisertib | I stage | 5.72 | 1.87 |
NCT02734160 [149] |
[150,151] |
| Pancreatic cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
nab-Paclitaxel, Gemcitabine, Selicrelumab |
I stage | — | — |
NCT02588443 [152] |
— |
| Pancreatic cancer | Chemotherapy and radiotherapy |
mFOLFIRINOX and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) | II stage | — | — |
NCT03891472 [153] |
— |
| Pancreatic cancer | Chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
Gemcitabine and M7824 | I/II stage | — | — |
NCT03451773 [154] |
— |
| Pancreatic neoplasms |
Chemotherapy and target therapy |
nab-Paclitaxel, Gemcitabine, Napabucasin |
III stage | — | — |
NCT02993731 [155] |
[156,157] |
Table 1 completed, interventional clinical trials combined anticancer therapies; study started in the years 2015–2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov - last assessed on 26 April 2021). Information was retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov, by searching for ‘condition or disease: ‘lung cancer’; ‘breast cancer’; ‘prostate cancer’; ‘colorectal cancer’; ‘pancreatic cancer’, status recruitment: ‘completed’, study type: ‘interventional studies (Clinical Trials)’. Study start: from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020. * OS—overall survival, * PFS—progression-free survival, NE—not estimable, * ITT—intention-to-treat.