Figure 1.

Schematic of lipid nanoparticle-plasmid DNA (LNP-pDNA) complex formulation strategy employing the staggered herringbone micromixer (SHM). Lipids in ethanol are injected in one inlet, while pDNA dissolved in acetate buffer solution is injected in the other inlet. The two solutions meet at the Y-junction of the SHM and undergo a chaotic mixing through the herringbone structure. This phenomenon leads to an increase of lipid solution polarity that generates LNPs encapsulating pDNA. On the sides of the image, two main categories of influential manufacturing factors are reported, i.e., synthesis and microfluidic parameters. Among these, those underlined are the ones that are investigated in the present work.