Table 3.
The changes of plasma AST, ALT, Glucose, insulin concentration, and HOMA-IR index in SD rats fed different experimental diets for 6 and 11 weeks.
| Diet | C | CS | DM | DM + TZD | DM + CS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 weeks | |||||
| AST (U/L) | 121.9 ± 49.8 | 112.8 ± 40.1 | 178.5 ± 36.3 * | 171.8 ± 59.4 | 108.0 ± 49.8 #@ |
| ALT (U/L) | 30.4 ± 25.9 | 23.2 ± 13.1 | 34.6 ± 12.6 | 28.2 ± 13.7 | 28.8 ± 10.9 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 31.3 ± 10.7 | 31.7 ± 10.3 | 42.3 ± 19.9 | 37.8 ± 20.2 | 37.4 ± 17.0 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 190.5 ± 12.2 | 198.3 ± 11.7 | 241.6 ± 32.9 * | 200.1 ± 24.8 # | 203.2 ± 26.5 # |
| Insulin (μg/L) | 0.94 ± 0.25 | 0.86 ± 0.31 | 0.88 ± 0.17 | 0.71 ± 0.30 | 0.8 ± 0.19 |
| HOMA-IR | 9.8 ± 2.4 | 9.5 ± 3.8 | 11.9 ± 3.3 | 8.0 ± 3.6 # | 9.3 ± 2.2 |
| 11 weeks | |||||
| AST (U/L) | 96.94 ± 60.69 | 101.7 ± 51.5 | 205.1 ± 90.45 * | 98.2 ± 56.1 # | 89.7 ± 52.1 # |
| ALT (U/L) | 30.1 ± 19.8 | 20.4 ± 4.1 * | 48.2 ± 29.4 | 15.8 ± 4.8 # | 20.5 ± 13.1 # |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 38.8 ± 9.7 | 24.0 ± 10.3 * | 66.6 ± 24.2 * | 18.7 ± 5.0 *# | 28.1 ± 9.5 #@ |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 210.7 ± 32.77 | 218.2 ± 9.44 | 236.8 ± 14.75 * | 206.5 ± 13.55 # | 215.6 ± 11.4 # |
| Insulin (μg/L) | 1.1 ± 0.35 | 0.79 ± 0.13 * | 0.92 ± 0.10 | 0.77 ± 0.12 # | 0.76 ± 0.14 # |
| HOMA-IR | 13.6 ± 5.5 | 9.6 ± 1.9 | 12.1 ± 1.2 | 9.3 ± 2.1 # | 9.1 ± 2.1 # |
Results are expressed as mean ± SD for each group (n = 8). The significant difference (p < 0.05) was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and two-tailed Student’s t-test. *: versus C; #: versus DM; @: versus DM + TZD. C: control diet; CS: control diet + 5% high molecular weight chitosan; DM: diabetes + control diet; DM + TZD: diabetes + control diet + 0.8 mg/kg thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone); DM + CS: diabetes + control diet + 5% high molecular weight chitosan.