Fig. 4.

(a) Combining predictions from the transfer learning approach and known human PPIs we determined connectivity-based modules that were subjected to functional interpretation. (b) Human–SARS-CoV-2 PPI network with enriched GO BP terms and KEGG pathways for each topological module. (c) SARS-CoV-2 targets a module that involves the centrosome, cell cycle and interferon pathway. Through multiple sequence alignment, we observed a potential conserved binding motif shared by nsp13 of SARS-CoV-2 and proteins of other viral pathogens, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 protein may interfere with the regulation processes of IFN to support antiviral innate immune response