Abstract
LINDHOLM, ARNE and BENGT SALTIN: The physiological and biochemical response of standardbred horses to exercise of varying speed and duration. Acta vet. scand. 1974, 15, 310–324. — Welltrained standardbred horses were studied to examine the metabolic response to excercise of various speeds and duration. Comparisons between interval (400, 700, 1,000 and 2,000 m) and continuous trotting (1 hr., 2 hrs.) and racing were made.
Muscle and rectal temperatures were recorded before and immediately after each work bout. Heart rate was linearly related to trotting speed, and maximal heart rate (240 beats × min.−1) was achieved when trotting at least 700 m at close to maximal speed (12.0–12.5 m×sec.−1).
Biopsy specimens from the gluteus medius muscle and venous blood were obtained before and after each work bout.
Muscle and blood lactate values were markedly increased first at speeds close to maximal speed (11.4–12.5 m×sec.−1). Trotting 6×700 m at 12.5 m×sec.−1 produced as high muscle and blood lactate values as 23.7 and 19.0 mmol×kg−1 wet weight and l−1, respectively. Corresponding values after a race were about 15 mmol×kg−1 (muscle) and l−1 (blood).
Glycogen utilization was related to work intensity and was most pronounced during the first work bouts. At a speed of 12 m×sec.−1 and trotting 2000 m, there was a glycogen utilization of near 12 mmol glucose units × kg−1 × min.−1 wet muscle.
It is concluded that interval training over a distance of 700–1000 m repeated 4–6 times with a trotting speed close to maximal speed (11.4–12.5 m×sec.−1) appears to be optimal.
ATP; CP; blood lactate; glycogen utilization; heart rate; horse skeletal muscle; muscle lactate; racing training.
Sammanfattning
Det fysiologiska och biokemiska svaret på träning av varierande intensitet och utsträckning hos travhästar.
Vältränade travhästar studerades för att undersöka effekten av olika typer av travarbeten på vissa metaboliska parametrar. Intervallträning (400, 700, 1000 och 2000 m), distansträning (1 och 2 tim) samt tävling har jämförts.
Muskel- och rektaltemperatur mättes före och omedelbart efter varje travpass. Hjärtfrekvensen befanns vara direkt relaterad till travhastigheten. Den maximala hjärtfrekvensen (240 slag × min−1) registrerades vid travarbete nära maximal fart (12,0–12,5 m × sek−1) i minst 700 m.
Muskelbiopsier från gluteus medius samt blod från vena jugularis togs före och efter varje travpass. Koncentrationen av muskel- och blodlaktat steg kraftigt först vid farter nära maximal fart (11,4–12,5 m × sek−1). Vid 6 st 700 m travarbeten (12,5 m × sek−1) med 5 min intervall erhölls så höga muskel- och blodlaktatvärden som 23,7 och 19,0 mmoler × kg−1 våt muskel respektive l−1 blod. Motsvarande tävlingsvärden uppgick till 15 mmoler × kg−1 våt muskel respektive l−1 blod.
Glykogen förbrukningen var relaterad till arbetsintensiteten och var störst under de första passen vid intervallträningen. Vid en hastighet av 12 m × sek−1 och 2000 m distans var glykogenförbrukningen nära 12 mmoler glukosenheter × kg−1 våt muskel × min−1.
Sammanfattningsvis konstateras att intervallträning 700–1000 m upprepade 4–6 ggr i nära maximal fart (11,4–12,5 m × sek−1) synes ge optimal träningseffekt.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.5 MB).
Footnotes
This study was supported by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council and the Wallenberg Foundation.
References
- Äsheim Å., Knudsen B, Saltin O, Lindholm A, Rülcker C. Heart rates and blood lactate concentrations of standardbred horses during training and racing. J. Amer. vet. med. Ass. 1970;157:304–312. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bayer A. Das Verhalten der Herzschlagfrequenz von Trabrennpferden im Training und beim Rennen. (Heart rate in standardbred trotters during training and racing). Berl. Münch. tierärztl. Wschr. 1968;81:8–11. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bergström, J.: Muscle electrolytes in man. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 1962, Suppl. 68.
- Ehrlein H-J, Engelhardt W. v., Tolkmitt G. Die Herzschlagfrequenz während standardisierter Belastung als Mass für die Leistungsfähigkeit von Pferden. (Heart frequency during standardized exercise as a measure of the working capacity of horses). Zbl. Vet.-Med. A. 1973;20:188–208. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Engelhardt W. v., Ehrlein H-J, Hörnicke H, Schmidt E. Lactat, Pyruvat, Glucose und Wasserstoffionen im venösen Blut bei Reitpferden in unterschiedlichem Trainingszustand. (Lactate, pyruvate, glucose and hydrogen ions in venous blood of riding horses at different stages of training). Zbl. Vet.-Med. A. 1973;20:173–187. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hall, M. C.: Cardiac monitoring during exercise tests in the horse. Thesis. Melbourne 1972.
- Hjelm M, de Verdier C H. A methodological study of the enzymatic determination of glucose in blood. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 1963;15:415–428. doi: 10.3109/00365516309079764. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Karlsson J, Diamant B, Saltin B. Muscle metabolites during submaximal and maximal exercise in man. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 1970;26:385–394. doi: 10.3109/00365517009046250. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kryzwanek A, Schulze A, Wittke G. Das Verhalten einiger Blutparameter bei Trabrennpferden nach definierter Belastung. (The behaviour of some blood parameters in trotters after defined work). Berl. Münch. tierärztl. Wschr. 1972;85:325–329. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lindholm A, Bjerneld H, Saltin B. Glycogen depletion pattern in muscle fibres of trotting horses. Acta physiol. scand. 1974;90:475–484. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05610.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lindholm A, Piehl K. Fibre composition, enzyme activity and concentrations of metabolites and electrolytes in muscles of standardbred horses. Acta vet. scand. 1974;15:287–309. doi: 10.1186/BF03547460. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scholz R, Schmitz H, Bücher T, Lampen J O. Über die Wirkung von Nystatin auf Bäckerhefe. (The effect of nystatin of yeast). Biochem. Z. 1959;331:71–86. [Google Scholar]