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Mechanism of ciprofloxacin resistance in E. tarda. In the ciprofloxacin-resistant E. tarda LTB4 strain (LTB4-RCIP), the pyruvate cycle is reduced, leading to a decreased concentration of NADH and membrane potential. On the other hand, biosynthesis of fatty acids is enhanced while membrane permeability is reduced, which promotes bacterial insensitivity to ciprofloxacin.
