Table 3.
Complex measures of socioeconomic inequality, by country income groups.
| Outcomes | Overall | Low-income countries | Lower-middle-income countries | Upper-middle-income countries |
| RII (95% CI) | RII (95% CI) | RII (95% CI) | RII (95% CI) | |
| Family Planning | ||||
| Contact | 1·12 (1·07–1·16) | 1·14 (1·09–1·20) | 1·10 (1·05–1·17) | 1·10 (1·02–1·19) |
| Crude | 1·21 (1·14–1·28) | 1·46 (1·32–1·61) | 1·20 (1·12–1·29) | 1·06 (0·93–1·20) |
| Quality | 1·35 (1·21–1·50) | 1·31 (1·13–1·51) | 1·37 (1·18–1·58) | 1·11 (0·83–1·48) |
| ANC | ||||
| Contact | 1·48 (1·45–1·51) | 1·14 (1·10–1·19) | 1·62 (1·58–1·65) | 1·07 (1·01–1·13) |
| Crude | 2·21 (2·13–2·29) | 1·65 (1·53–1·79) | 2·57 (2·46–2·67) | 1·21 (1·10–1·33) |
| Quality | 3·27 (3·11–3·43) | 2·59 (2·32–2·89) | 4·06 (3·85–4·29) | 1·27 (1·14–1·43) |
| User-adherence | 4·07 (3·77–4·35) | 2·13 (1·83–2·48) | 5·43 (5·05–5·82) | 1·22 (0·99–1·49) |
| Delivery | ||||
| Contact | 1·75 (1·71–1·80) | 1·77 (1·65–1·91) | 1·86 (1·80–1·91) | 1·05 (1·03–1·08) |
| Crude | 1·89 (1·84–1·95) | 1·82 (1·69–1·96) | 2·03 (1·97–2·10) | 1·07 (1·03–1·10) |
| PNC* | ||||
| Contact | 1·63 (1·58–1·67) | 1·52 (1·42–1·63) | 1·71 (1·67–1·76) | 1·01 (0·99–1·02) |
| Crude | 1·93 (1·82–2·05) | 1·41 (1·28–1·56) | 2·30 (2·15–2·46) | 1·1 (1·01–1·21) |
| Quality | 3·01 (2·75–3·29) | 1·57 (1·37–1·80) | 4·46 (3·99–4·98) | 1·24 (0·95–1·63) |
| Immunisation* | ||||
| Contact | 1·27 (1·24–1·30) | 1·14 (1·08–1·19) | 1·32 (1·28–1·35) | 1·08 (0·96–1·20) |
| Crude | 1·49 (1·44–1·53) | 1·24 (1·15–1·33) | 1·56 (1·51–1·62) | 1·02 (0·81–1·29) |
| Quality | 1·61 (1·56–1·67) | 1·28 (1·18–1·39) | 1·72 (1·65–1·79) | 1·05 (0·82–1·33) |
| User-adherence | 2·4 (2·22–2·59) | 1·5 (1·32–1·71) | 2·73 (2·49–2·99) | 1·3 (0·83–2·04) |
| Diarrhoea treatment* | ||||
| Contact | 1·14 (1·09–1·19) | 1·11 (1·03–1·20) | 1·16 (1·10–1·22) | 1·51 (1·10–2·06) |
| Crude | 1·28 (1·19–1·38) | 1·19 (1·07–1·32) | 1·33 (1·21–1·45) | 1·58 (1·11–2·26) |
| Quality | 1·25 (1·15–1·35) | 1·13 (1·00–1·28) | 1·29 (1·17–1·43) | 2·07 (1·24–3·45) |
| User-adherence | 1·35 (1·16–1·58) | 1·15 (0·94–1·40) | 1·43 (1·18–1·74) | 2·65 (1·16–6·06) |
| Use of insecticide-treated nets† | ||||
| Contact | 1·09 (1·05–1·13) | 1·21 (1·16–1·26) | 0·98 (0·92–1·03) | N/A |
| Crude | 1·00 (0·95–1·05) | 1·23 (1·17–1·30) | 0·83 (0·77–0·89) | N/A |
Notes:.
RII — relative index of inequality, CI — confidence interval, ANC — Antenatal care, PNC — Postnatal care.
RII was estimated based on wealth index
*38 countries: all countries except Colombia
†14 countries: malaria endemic countries only (see Appendix 1).