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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurotoxicology. 2021 Jul 24;86:94–103. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.07.004

Fig. 2. Mn induces canonical NF-κB activation via phosphorylation of IKK-β.

Fig. 2.

(A) Human H4 astrocytes were pre-treated with the selective IKK-β inhibitor IKK16 (200 nM, 1h), followed by Mn exposure (250 μM, 3h), and cell lysates were analyzed for phosphorylated IKK-β protein expression by western blotting. (B) After overnight transfection with an NF-κB reporter vector, astrocytes were treated with IKK16 and Mn for the indicated time periods, followed by the luciferase assay. (C) Astrocytes were treated with IKK16 and Mn as previously described, then cell lysates were fractionated and analyzed for NF-κB p65 protein expression in the nuclear fraction by western blotting. Histone H4 was used as a loading control. (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, compared to the control; #significantly different # p<0.05, ## p<0.01, ### p<0.01; ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test; N=3).