Figure 1.

Overview of the dataset and population structure of the Middle East

(A) Map illustrating the populations sampled in this study, with number of individuals shown in brackets. We use the term “Arabian” in this study to refer to samples from the Arabian Peninsula (Emirati, Saudi, and Yemeni), Levantine for Syrians and Jordanians, and Iraqi-Arabs and Iraqi-Kurds for samples from Iraq.

(B) Temporally aware model-based clustering using ~88,000 transversions and 9 time points, showing K = 8 when the Anatolia_N and Natufian components split. “.HO” suffix refers to samples from the Human Origins Dataset.

(C) fineSTRUCTURE tree of modern-day Middle Easterners with population clusters highlighted.

(D) Principal component analysis of ancient and modern populations. Eigenvectors were inferred with present-day populations from the Middle East, Europe, and Central and South Asia. The ancient samples were then projected onto the plot (all modern non-Middle Easterners shown as gray points). See Figure S1 for more details.

(E) Genetic contrast between the Levant and Arabia illustrated using the statistic f4(Syrian,EmiratiA;Ancient,Chimpanzee) and ± 3 standard errors with the 10 lowest (blue) and 10 highest (red) f4-stats.