FIGURE 1.

Illustration of bivariate distributions underlying the three population parameters. Left: Original distribution over [0, ∞) × [0, ∞), which has Spearman’s correlation ρ_S. Middle: Conditional distribution over Ω_R = Ω, which has Spearman’s correlation ${\rho }_{S\mid {\Omega }_R}$. Right: Mixture-like distribution S^H over region Ω ∪ [0, τ_X] × τ_Y ∪ τ_X × [0, τ_Y], which has Spearman’s correlation ${\rho }_S^H$