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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Transplantation. 2021 Dec 1;105(12):e303–e321. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003765

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Overview of the use of MSC for renal transplantation in the quest for tolerance. MSCs have a wide range of influences on the immune system with both suppressive effects on activation and maturation can promote differentiation of immune cells into regulatory or suppressive phenotypes. APC, antigen-presenting cell; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta; TolDC, tolerogenic dendritic cell; Treg, regulatory T cell.