Table 1.
Studies involving the use of different stem cells for glaucoma treatment.
| Study | Cell Type | Origin | Model | Route of Transplantation | Main Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Use stem cells to treat Tg-MYOCY437H POAG mouse model | TMSC | Human | Mouse Transgenic Age 4–6 months |
Intracameral | IOP normalization, increased TM cellularity and outflow facility, TM regeneration, reduction of ER stress, modulated ECM, restored ultrastructure of TM tissue, rescued RGC number and function | [18] |
| Use stem cells in C57BL/6 WT mice | TMSC | Human | Mouse C57BL/6 WT (adult 10 weeks) | Intracameral | IOP normalization, TMSC homing to the TM, TMSC function like TM in vivo, no immunorejection with xenotransplant | [23] |
| Use stem cells in laser photocoagulation damaged mice | TMSC | Human | Mouse C57BL/6 WT (Adult 10 weeks) | Intracameral | IOP normalization, outflow facility normalization, TMSC home to damaged TM region, TMSC function like TM in vivo, suppressing inflammation | [24] |
| Use stem cells to treat Tg-MYOCY437H POAG mouse model | iPSC | Mouse | Mouse Transgenic Age 4 months |
Intracameral | IOP normalization, increased outflow facility, increased endogenous TM cellularity, rescue of RGC number. | [34] |
| Use stem cells to treat Tg-MYOCY437H POAG mouse model | iPSC | Mouse | Mouse Transgenic Age 6 months | Intracameral | IOP normalization, increased outflow facility, increased endogenous TM cellularity, restore TM structure, preservation of ER structure. | [35] |
| Use stem cells in ex vivo human ocular perfusion organ culture system | iPSC | Human | Ex vivo human eyes Age 79.2 yrs ± 14.6 |
ex vivo perfusion |
IOP normalization, increased endogenous TM cellularity, outflow facility normalization | [29] |
| Use stem cells in ex vivo human ocular perfusion organ culture system | iPSC | Human | Ex vivo human eyes using saponine to damage the TM cells |
ex vivo perfusion |
Restoring TM cellularity and IOP homeostatic function after iPSC-TM perfusion | [32] |
| Use stem cells in C57BL/6 WT mice | ADSC | Human | Mouse C57BL/6 WT (Adult 10 weeks) | Intracameral | IOP normalization, outflow facility normalization, ADSC-TM and ADSCs home to TM, ADSC-TM and ADSCs function like TM in vivo (increased AQP1 expression). | [36] |
| Use stem cells in laser-damaged ocular hypertension rat model | MSC | Mouse | Rat with laser damage to half circumference of anterior chamber angle | Intraocular | IOP normalization, increase outflow facility, rescue of RGC number, restore structure of TM tissue. May be through paracrine factors. | [38] |
| Use stem cells in vessel cauterized ocular hypertension rat model |
MSC | Rat | Rat Long Evans WT with 3 cauterized episcleral veins | Intracameral | IOP normalization, rescue of RGC number, rescue TM cell viability, restore TM structure. May be through paracrine factors | [39] |
Abbreviations: TMSC—Trabecular Meshwork Stem Cells, POAG—Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma, IOP—Intraocular Pressure, ER—Endoplasmic Reticulum, RGC—Retinal Ganglion Cells, ECM—Extracellular Matrix.