Table 2.
List of volatile organic compounds reported to be desorbed from cork into wine or wine model solution.
| Compound | CAS | Odor Descriptor | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohols | |||
| 3-Methyl-1-butanol | 123-51-3 | Whiskey a | [59] |
| 1-Octen-3-ol | 3391-86-4 | Mushrooms a | [59] |
| 1-Octanol | 111-87-5 | Wax a | [59] |
| Benzyl alcohol | Roses, almond | [60] | |
| Geosmin | 19700-21-1 | Earth, musty | [58,59] |
| Isobutanol | 78-83-1 | Flowery, anise | [53] |
| Phenylethyl alcohol | 60-12-8 | Flowers, honey | [60] |
| Aldehydes | |||
| Propanal | 123-38-6 | Fruity, fresh green b | [52] |
| Butanal | 123-72-8 | Fruity, burnt, sweet b | [52] |
| Pentanal | 110-62-3 | Dry fruit, nutty | [52] |
| Hexanal | 66-25-1 | Grass, herbaceous b | [52,61] |
| Heptanal | 111-71-7 | Fatty, rancid b | [52,61] |
| Octanal | 124-13-0 | Lemon | [52,53,61] |
| Nonanal | 124-19-6 | Herbal, citrus b | [52,61] |
| Decanal | 112-31-2 | Fruity, citrus b | [52,61] |
| Undecanal | 112-44-7 | Citrus, floral c | [52] |
| 2-Propenal | 107-02-8 | Almond, cherry c | [52] |
| (E)-2-Butenal | 123-73-9 | Flower c | [52] |
| (E)-2-Pentenal | 1576-87-0 | Fruity, green c | [52] |
| (E)-2-Hexenal | 6728-26-3 | Almond, fruity c | [52] |
| (E)-2-Heptenal | 18829-55-5 | Fatty, green c | [52] |
| (E)-2-Octenal | 2548-87-0 | Fatty, herbal c | [52] |
| (E)-2-Nonenal | 18829-56-6 | Green, cucumber c | [52,60] |
| (E)-2-Decenal | 3913-81-3 | Fatty, oily c | [52] |
| 2-Methyl-1-propanal | 78-84-2 | Fruity, malty b | [52] |
| 2-Methyl-1-butanal | 96-17-3 | Almond, nutty c | [52] |
| 3-Methyl-1-butanal | 590-86-3 | Fruity, cheesy b | [52] |
| Benzaldehyde | 100-52-7 | Bitter almonds b | [52,61] |
| Phenylacetaldehyde | 122-78-1 | Floral, honey b | [52] |
| Benzenoids | |||
| o-Cymene | 527-84-4 | - | [61] |
| Naphthalene | 91-20-3 | Pungent, tarry c | [61] |
| Guaiacol | 90-05-1 | Phenolic, spicy | [53,59,62] |
| 4-Vinylguaiacol | 7786-61-0 | Wood, spice, curry | [60] |
| Methyl guaiacol | 91-16-7 | Leather, spicy d | [62] |
| Eugenol | 97-53-0 | Spice, cloves, honey | [60] |
| Isoeugenol | 97-54-1 | Carmination | [60] |
| Cerulignol | 2785-87-7 | Spicy | [60] |
| 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (TCA) | 87-40-1 | Musty, earthy, moldy | [54,56,58,59,62,63] |
| m-Cresol | 108-39-4 | Leather | [53] |
| Vanillin | 121-33-5 | Vanillin | [53,60] |
| Methyl vanillate | 3943-74-6 | Vanillin | [53] |
| Pyrazines | |||
| MDMP | - | Musty, dusty | [58] |
| IPMP | 25773-40-4 | Green, vegetative | [58] |
| IBMP | 24683-00-9 | Green bell pepper | [58] |
| Dicarbonyls | |||
| Diacetyl | 431-03-8 | Buttery, cream | [52,53] |
| Glyoxal | 107-22-2 | - | [52] |
| Methylglyoxal | 78-98-8 | - | [52] |
| Ketones | |||
| Propan-2-one | 67-64-1 | Apple, ethereal c | [52] |
| 2-Butanone | 78-93-3 | Fruity, acetone b | [52] |
| 3-Methyl-2-butanone | 563-80-4 | Camphor c | [52] |
| 2-Pentanone | 107-87-9 | Fruity b | [52] |
| 2-Hexanone | 591-78-6 | Ether c | [52] |
| 2-Heptanone | 110-43-0 | Fruity, herbal c | [52] |
| 3-Penten-2-one | 625-33-2 | Fishy, phenolic c | [52] |
| 4-Heptanone | 123-19-3 | Fruity, sweet c | [52] |
| 2-Cyclohexen-1-one | 930-68-7 | Green, roasted c | [52] |
| 6-Methyl-5-heptanone | 13019-20-0 | Fruity, green c | [52] |
| 2-Octanone | 111-13-7 | Bitter, earthy c | [52] |
| 2-Nonanone | 821-55-6 | Fresh, herbal c | [52] |
| 2-Decanone | 693-54-9 | Fatty, floral c | [52] |
| 2-Undecanone | 112-12-9 | Fresh, floral c | [52] |
| 1-Octen-3-one | 4312-99-6 | Mushroom | [53] |
| Acids | |||
| Octanoic acid | 124-07-2 | Coconut, rancid, cheese | [60] |
| Vanillic acid | 121-34-6 | Vanilla | [60] |
| Nonanoic acid | 112-05-0 | Wax, dry, fatty | [60] |
| Dodecanoic acid | 143-07-7 | Coconut, fatty, metallic | [60] |
| Benzeneacetic acid | 103-82-2 | Honey, fruity, sour | [60] |
| Furans | |||
| Furfural | 98-01-1 | Toasty, caramel b | [52,60] |
| 5-Methyl-2-furfural | 620-02-0 | Spicy, toasty b | [52] |
| Esters | |||
| Ethyl hexanoate | 123-66-0 | Fruity, brandy b | [61] |
| Ethyl heptanoate | 106-30-9 | Fruity, nutty b | [61] |
| Ethyl nonanoate | 123-29-5 | Fruity, waxy c | [61] |
| Fenchyl acetate | 13851-11-1 | Citrus, herbal c | [61] |
| Isobornyl acetate | 125-12-2 | Herbal, woody c | [61] |
| Ethyl isobutyrate | 97-62-1 | Fruity, strawberry | [53] |
| Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate | 7452-79-1 | Fruity, green apple | [53] |
| Ethyl isovalerate | 108-64-5 | Fruity, anise | [53] |
| 3-Methylbutyl acetate | 123-92-2 | Fruity, anise | [53] |
| Ethyl butyrate | 105-54-4 | Fruity | [53] |
| Butyl acetate | 123-86-4 | Grass | [53] |
| Monoterpenes | |||
| α-Pinene | 80-56-8 | Minty c | [52,61] |
| Camphene | 79-92-5 | Herbal, woody c | [61] |
| β-Pinene | 80-56-8 | Green, hay c | [61] |
| 1,4-Cineole | 470-67-7 | Minty, pine c | [52,61] |
| Citronellol | 106-22-9 | Citrus, floral c | [62] |
| α-Terpinene | 99-86-5 | Citrus, herbal c | [52,61] |
| Limonene | 5989-54-8 | Lemon, orange c | [52,61,62] |
| Eucalyptol | 470-82-6 | Mint, herbal c | [52,61] |
| Terpinolene | 586-62-9 | Pine, woody c | [61,62] |
| Fenchone | 1195-79-5 | Earthy, herbal c | [52,61] |
| Fenchol | 1632-73-1 | Lemon, pine c | [52,61,62] |
| α-Campholenal | 4501-58-1 | Green, leafy c | [61] |
| L-Camphor | 464-49-3 | Camphor c | [52,60,61,62] |
| trans-β-Terpineol | 7299-40-3 | - | [61] |
| trans-3-Pinanone | 547-60-4 | Spicy c | [61] |
| Isoborneol | 124-76-5 | Herbal, woody c | [52,61] |
| 2-Methylisoborneol | 2371-42-8 | Musty, muddy | [58] |
| L-Borneol | 464-45-9 | Camphor, anise | [52,53,61,62] |
| 2-Methylisoborneol | 2371-42-8 | Earth, musty a | [59] |
| cis-3-Pinanone | 15358-88-0 | Camphoreous, cedar c | [52,61] |
| α-Terpineol | 98-55-5 | Floral, mint c | [52,53,61] |
| 1-Terpineol | 7785-53-7 | Floral, lilac c | [52] |
| 4-Terpineol | 562-74-3 | Earth, musty c | [52,61] |
| Linalool | 78-70-6 | Flowery, muscat | [53,62] |
| cis-Linalool oxide | 11063-77-7 | Earthy, sweet c | [52] |
| L-(-)-Menthol | 2216-51-5 | Minty, peppermint c | [52] |
| 2-Pinen-4-one | 18309-32-5 | Menthol c | [52] |
| Sesquiterpenes | |||
| α-Copaene | 3856-25-5 | Spice, woody c | [61] |
| D-Longifolene | 475-20-7 | Rose, sweet c | [61] |
| β-Cadinene | 523-47-7 | Green, woody c | [61] |
| L-Calamenene | 483-77-2 | Herb, spice c | [61] |
| Eremophila ketone | 158930-41-7 | - | [61] |