Table 1.

Quality assessment and risk of bias.

Study	Random Sequences Generation (Selection Bias)	Allocation Concealment (Selection Bias)	Blinding of Participants/Researchers (Performance Bias)	Blindness of Outcome Assessment (Detection Bias)	Incomplete Outcome Data (Attrition Bias)	Selective Outcome Reporting (Reporting Bias)	Other Sources of Bias
Abian et al., 2014 [29]	+	?	+	+	+	+	+
Abian et al., 2015 [30]	+	?	+	+	+	+	+
Arazi et al., 2016 [31]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Astorino et al., 2012 [32]	+	+	-	-	+	-	+
Carvajal and Moncada, 2005 [33]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Chen et al., 2015 [34]	+	?	+	+	+	+	+
Hulston and Jeukendrup, 2008 [35]	+	?	+	+	+	+	+
Clarke and Duncan, 2016 [36]	+	?	+	+	+	+	+
Cureton et al., 2007 [12]	+	?	+	+	-	+	+
Del Coso et al., 2012 [37]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Del Coso et al., 2013 [38]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Del Coso et al., 2013 [39]	+	+	+	+	?	+	+
Del Coso et al., 2014 [40]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Del Coso et al., 2016 [41]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Doyle et al., 2016 [42]	+	?	+	?	+	+	?
Fernández-Campos et al., 2015 [43]	+	?	+	?	?	+	+
Gallo-Salazar et al., 2015 [44]	+	+	+	?	+	+	+
Gwacham and Wagner, 2012 [45]	+	?	+	+	+	+	+
Hoffman et al., 2009 [46]	+	?	+	?	+	+	+
Ivy et al., 2009 [47]	+	?	+	?	+	+	+
Lara et al., 2014 [48]	+	+	+	+	?	+	+
Lara et al., 2015 [49]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Perez-Lopez et al., 2015 [50]	+	+	+	+	+	+	?
Schubert et al., 2013 [51]	+	+	-	?	+	+	+
Mumford et al., 2016 [52]	+	+	+	+	+	+	?
Peltier et al., 2013 [53]	+	?	+	-	+	+	?
Phillips et al., 2014 [54]	+	+	-	?	+	+	+
Portillo et al., 2017 [55]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Prins et al., 2016 [56]	+	?	+	?	+	+	+
Quinlivan et al., 2015 [57]	+	-	+	?	+	+	+
Rahnama et al., 2010 [58]	+	?	+	?	+	+	+
Rica et al., 2019 [59]	+	?	+	?	?	+	-
Salinero et al., 2014 [8]	+	+	+	?	+	+	+
Sheehan and Hartzler, 2011 [60]	+	+	+	?	+	+	+
Stevenson et al., 2009 [61]	+	?	+	?	+	+	+
Talanian and Spriet, 2016 [21]	+	?	+	?	+	+	+
Woolf et al., 2009 [62]	+	?	+	?	+	+	+

+ Low risk of bias. ? Unclear risk of bias. - High risk of bias.