. 2021 Sep 2;13(9):3089. doi: 10.3390/nu13093089

Table 5.

Weighted ORs (95% CI) for score on CERAD test, Animal Fluency test and DSST across dietary VD intake and serum total 25(OH)D, stratified by gender, NHANES 2011–2014.

	CREAD Test				Animal Fluency Test				Digit Symbol Test
	Case/Participants	Crude	Model 1	Model 2	Case/Participants	Crude	Model 1	Model 2	Case/Participants	Crude	Model 1	Model 2
Dietary VD intake (μg/d)
male	432/1217				348/1217				370/1217
≤5.00		1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)
≤20.75		1.04 (0.66–1.64)	1.04 (0.66–1.64)	1.09 (0.68–1.75)		0.65 (0.35–1.20)	0.64 (0.35–1.17)	0.73 (0.37–1.44)		0.95 (0.58–1.54)	0.93 (0.56–1.53)	0.90 (0.55–1.47)
>20.75		0.79 (0.46–1.36)	0.79 (0.45–1.40)	0.86 (0.44–1.68)		0.34 (0.20–0.57)	0.31 (0.19–0.55)	0.38 (0.22–0.67)		0.36 (0.23–0.58)	0.34 (0.22–0.55)	0.46 (0.26–0.82)
female	286/1217				184/1217				287/1217
≤5.00		1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)
≤20.75		0.90 (0.61–1.33)	0.88 (0.60–1.27)	0.80 (0.49–1.32)		0.73 (0.50–1.06)	0.70 (0.47–1.03)	0.69 (0.46–1.05)		0.66 (0.41–1.07)	0.62 (0.39–1.00)	0.57 (0.26–1.25)
>20.75		0.66 (0.42–1.02) *	0.62 (0.42–0.93) *	0.81 (0.53–1.23)		0.51 (0.34–0.77) *	0.48 (0.31–0.72) *	0.68 (0.43–1.07)		0.36 (0.23–0.57) *	0.33 (0.21–0.50) *	0.50 (0.30–0.83) *
Dietary VD intake (μg/d)
male	432/1217				348/1217				370/1217
≤5.00		1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)
>5.00		0.93 (0.62–1.38)	0.93 (0.62–1.40)	1.00 (0.64–1.56)		0.51 (0.30–0.85) *	0.49 (0.30–0.83) *	0.58 (0.33–1.04)		0.68 (0.44–1.03)	0.65 (0.42–1.02)	0.72 (0.47–1.10)
female	286/1217				184/1217				287/1217
≤5.00	432/1217	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)
>5.00		0.75 (0.52–1.07)	0.72 (0.52–0.99) *	0.81 (0.54–1.19)		0.59 (0.41–0.85) *	0.56 (0.38–0.81) *	0.68 (0.47–1.00) *		0.47 (0.32–0.69) *	0.44 (0.30–0.63) *	0.53 (0.31–0.93) *
Total 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (nmol/L)
male	431/1342				394/1342				401/1342
≤61.41		1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)
≤86.30		0.83 (0.59–1.17)	0.84 (0.60–1.18)	0.99 (0.65–1.51)		0.56 (0.39–0.85) *	0.57 (0.38–0.85) *	0.84 (0.54–1.30)		0.44 (0.28–0.68) *	0.44 (0.29–0.68) *	0.84 (0.44–1.61)
>86.30		0.63 (0.43–0.93) *	0.61 (0.41–0.89) *	0.77 (0.46–1.31)		0.46 (0.25–0.84) *	0.44 (0.25–0.79) *	0.65 (0.35–1.23)		0.35 (0.20–0.63) *	0.35 (0.20–0.61) *	0.67 (0.30–1.48)
female	289/1393				427/1393				320/1393
≤61.41		1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)
≤86.30		1.09 (0.75–1.58)	1.04 (0.70–1.53)	1.01 (0.67–1.54)		1.03 (0.69–1.55)	0.99 (0.65–1.51)	1.49 (0.93–2.41)		0.84 (0.55–1.29)	0.78 (0.50–1.23)	1.04 (0.61–1.78)
>86.30		0.82 (0.58–1.15)	0.73 (0.50–1.06)	0.75 (0.47–1.20)		0.83 (0.58–1.19)	0.76 (0.53–1.07)	1.30 (0.92–1.83)		0.56 (0.41–0.76) *	0.47 (0.34–0.66) *	0.68 (0.42–1.09)

Binary logistic regression analyses were used to calculate weighted OR values. Reference (Ref.); model 1 adjusted for age and gender; model 2 adjusted for age and gender, race, educational level, marital status, income, body mass index (BMI), season of exam, physical activity level, drinking status, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, and stroke. Energy was adjusted when we studied the intake of dietary VD. * p-value ≤ 0.05.