Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the studied patients. Values are presented as means (SD) for normally distributed data.
| Total (n = 39) | Probiotics (n = 17) | Placebo (n = 22) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 53.44 (14.13) | 54.70 (10.19) | 52.47 (16.73) | 0.63 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 28 | 11 | 17 | |
| Female | 11 | 6 | 5 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||
| Yes | 19 | 9 | 10 | |
| No | 20 | 8 | 12 | |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 21 | 11 | 10 | |
| No | 18 | 6 | 12 | |
| Metabolic characteristics | ||||
| Height, m | 1.64 (0.08) | 1.62 (0.09) | 1.65 (0.07) | 0.21 |
| Weight, kg | 76.70 (13.45) | 75.00 (14.80) | 78.03 (12.51) | 0.49 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.62 (8.46) | 31.33 (12.02) | 28.30 (3.90) | 0.63 |
| Nutritional intake | ||||
| Average kcal | 1731.82 (348.62) | 1759.94 (408.39) | 1710.09 (302.85) | 0.66 |
| Carbohydrate, g | 202.79(40.86) | 194.39 (46.82) | 209.29 (35.35) | 0.26 |
| % of total kcal | 46% | 44% | 48% | |
| Total fat, g | 67.23 (20.78) | 67.46 (21.81) | 61.31 (19.84) | 0.34 |
| % of total kcal | 33% | 34% | 32% | |
| Protein, g | 85.16 (23.93) | 91.64 (26.34) | 80.16 (21.16) | 0.14 |
| % of total kcal | 19% | 20% | 18% | |
| Serum biochemistry | ||||
| ALT, IU/L | 72.02 (34.77) | 70.29 (28.21) | 73.36 (39.71) | 0.78 |
| AST, IU/L | 46.92 (18.27) | 44.35 (12.67) | 48.90 (21.74) | 0.44 |
| GGT, IU/L | 70.10 (54.41) | 65.94 (34.07) | 73.31 (66.69) | 0.68 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 2.06 (0.79) | 2.04 (0.79) | 2.09 (0.81) | 0.84 |
| Total Cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.79 (0.89) | 5.93(0.90) | 5.68 (0.88) | 0.38 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.34 (1.31) | 5.13 (0.96) | 5.50 (1.53) | 0.38 |
| Serum LiverFAST | ||||
| Steatosis score | 0.64 (0.15) | 0.67 (0.16) | 0.62 (0.14) | 0.41 |
| Fibrosis score | 0.30 (0.20) | 0.28 (0.17) | 0.33 (0.22) | 0.46 |
| Activity score | 0.42 (0.23) | 0.42 (0.21) | 0.43 (0.24) | 0.85 |
| Transient elastography | ||||
| Liver stiffness, kPa | 7.44 (2.76) | 7.25 (2.76) | 7.58 (2.82) | 0.37 |
| Controlled attenuated parameter, dB/m | 333.51 (34.35) | 339.11 (34.39) | 329.18 (35.15) | 0.71 |
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase.