Table 6.
Characteristic shear conditions found in biomedical scenarios.
| Human Body or Biomedical Device | Shear Stress (Pa) | Shear Strain (s−1) | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blood flow in veins | 0.076–3.4 | 20–800 | [117,118] |
| Blood flow in arteries | 0.2–1 | 50–650 | [117,118] |
| Fluid in the oral cavity | n.d. | 0.1–50 | [84] |
| Kidney collecting duct cells | 0.02–2 | n.d. | [119] |
| Uterus | <0.1 | n.d. | [120] |
| Cerebral circulation | n.d. | >100 | [121] |
| Urinary catheter | n.d. | 15 | [84,122] |
| Hemodialysis catheter | 52.6–88.3 | 20,000–80,000 | [123] |
| Catheter sheath introducer | 0.03 | n.d. | [124] |
| Endovascular stent | 0.22–6.72 | n.d. | [125] |
| Prosthetic valve | 0.06–27.84 | n.d. | [126] |
| Contact lens motion | n.d. | 1000 | [127] |
n.d.—not disclosed.