Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of both groups.
| Stage A HF 1 N = 113 |
Stage B HF N = 49 |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 68.35 ± 6.19 | 69.88 ± 6.53 | 0.156 |
| Male, n (%) | 72 (63.7) | 32 (65.3) | 1.00 |
| BMI 2, kg/m 2 | 26.60 ± 3.76 | 27.21 ± 3.80 | 0.342 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 22 (19.5) | 12 (24.5) | 0.53 |
| ASCVD 3 risk score, % | 24 ± 11.25 | 27.46 ± 11.83 | 0.087 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 34 (30.1) | 11 (22.4) | 0.35 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 93 (82.3) | 44 (89.9) | 0.343 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 40 (35.4) | 16 (32.7) | 0.858 |
| Urine Alb/Cre 4 (mg/g) | 67.21 ± 173.22 | 175.26 ± 379.36 | 0.084 |
| NT-proBNP 5 (pg/mL) | 78.30 ± 87.55 | 117.35 ± 114.93 | 0.040 |
| Hs-Tnt 6 (ng/L) | 10.37 ± 5.47 | 12.70 ± 9.67 | 0.128 |
| HbA1c 7 (%) | 6.44 ± 9.85 | 6.58 ± 1.56 | 0.549 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.00 ± 0.27 | 1.06 ± 0.40 | 0.287 |
| AST 8 (U/L) | 24.79 ± 11.44 | 30.80 ± 37.52 | 0.277 |
| ALT 9 (U/L) | 29.05 ± 17.13 | 38.19 ± 66.93 | 0.351 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 141.41 ± 1.92 | 141.65 ± 2.56 | 0.501 |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.33 ± 0.40 | 4.27 ± 0.41 | 0.393 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.58 ± 0.23 | 4.52 ± 0.29 | 0.194 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.68 ± 0.28 | 0.66 ± 0.25 | 0.561 |
| Total protein (g/dL) | 7.36 ± 0.40 | 7.31 ± 0.36 | 0.494 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.03 ± 1.48 | 5.73 ± 1.55 | 0.252 |
| HDL 10 (mg/dL) | 51.83 ± 13.4 | 52.24 ± 15.28 | 0.863 |
| LDL 11 (mg/dL) | 111.71 ± 26.09 | 111.02 ± 26.66 | 0.879 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 178.60 ± 28.71 | 180 ± 35.05 | 0.758 |
| Insulin (μIU/mL) | 14.29 ± 7.50 | 13.79 ± 8.67 | 0.715 |
| Hs-CRP (mg/L) 12 | 2.69 ± 11.00 | 2.21 ± 2.30 | 0.772 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 303.39 ± 240.80 | 280.78 ± 186.70 | 0.559 |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 8.74 ± 8.86 | 13.13 ± 10.32 | 0.011 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 11.47 ± 11.41 | 10.77 ± 9.65 | 0.708 |
1. HF: heart failure; 2 BMI: body mass index; 3 ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; 4 Alb/Cre: albumin creatinine ratio; 5 NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide; 6 Hs-Tnt: high-sensitivity Troponin T; 7 HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; 8 AST: aspartate aminotransferase; 9 ALT: alanine aminotransferase; 10 HDL: high-density lipoprotein; 11 LDL: low-density lipoprotein; and 12 Hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.