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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Immunobiology. 2021 Jul 30;226(5):152126. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152126

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

Higher concentrations of acetate and propionate relative to butyrate are required to inhibit LP CD4 T cell proliferation and activation. LPMC were pre-labelled with CFSE and cultured with TCR-activating beads (TCR beads) and exogenous butyrate (0.5 mM) or (A-C) acetate (1‒10 mM; N = 3) or (D-F) propionate (0.25‒10 mM; N = 4) for four days and percentages of LP CD4 T cells that (A,D) proliferated (CFSEdim) or expressed (B, E) CD25 or (C, F) HLA-DR+CD38+ determined using multi-color flow cytometry. FM2 (Fluorescence minus two; HLA-DR and CD25) and isotype control (CD38) values have been subtracted. Values are shown as mean ± SEM of net proliferation or activation (TCR-stimulated minus unstimulated). Statistical analysis: Paired t tests were conducted to determine differences in proliferation or activation between each SCFA concentration (filled bars) versus no SCFA condition (open bar). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***p < 0.01, #P ≤ 0.07.