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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 15.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropharmacology. 2021 Aug 17;198:108756. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108756

Figure 3. Effects of Hormones on Extinction and Nicotine-Seeking Behavior.

Figure 3.

(A) Active and inactive lever pressing for all groups across extinction sessions. (B) Active lever pressing during the final extinction session (session 14) and reinstatement were compared for all groups. Only the sham vehicle and OVX E2 groups significantly reinstated above extinction levels. (C) Active and inactive lever pressing during reinstatement was compared across groups. Sham vehicle animals pressed the active lever significantly more than OVX vehicle and OVX EE groups. OVX E2 females pressed the active lever significantly more than OVX vehicle and OVX EE animals. No differences were found in inactive lever pressing between groups. All groups pressed the active lever significantly more than the inactive lever during reinstatement. *p < 0.05 in (B) and (C). SEM = standard error of the mean; OVX = ovariectomized.